1. 1. What living things are found in and around your school?
Bell Ringer 58
Ecosystems
1. What living things are found in and around your school?
What nonliving things are found in your school?
Into what large groups are the students in schools divided?
Into what smaller groups are these large groups divided?
Are these groups ever divided into even smaller groups? If so, what are these groups?
Living things in the school are students, teachers, principal, assistant principals, clerical staff, custodians, lunchroom staff. Students may also include animals in science labs. Living things around the school include grass, trees, shrubs, insects, birds, and so on.
The building, furniture, desks, books, papers, and so on
9th, 10th, 11th, 12th grades, or years
Classes
Students may say that science classes are divided into lab groups; other classes may be divided into groups for projects.

2. __________ _________________________
Ecosystem levels of Organization
ORGANISMS
POPULATIONS
COMMUNITY
__________ _________________________
SAME SPECIES LIVING TOGETHER
IN AN AREA
Ex: “herd”
DIFFERENT
POPULATIONS
LIVING TOGETHER
IN AN AREA
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006

3. _______________________ _____________
Ecosystem levels of Organization
ECOSYSTEMS
BIOMES
BIOSPHERE
_______________________ _____________
All the organisms that
live in a place together
with their NON-living
environment
Group of ecosystems
that have same climate
and similar communities
The portion of the planet
in which all life exists
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

4. HABITAT __________________ = The area where an organism lives
A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the American Southwest
HABITAT

5. NICHE _____________ = place it lives PLUS the
_____________ & ______________
interactions it has in that place
NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . .
What it eats? What eats it?
Where in the habitat it lives? In a tree, in a pond, underground
Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etc When & how it reproduces?
NICHE
biotic
abiotic

6. HABITAT vs NICHE? Habitat is like an address OCCUPATION
HABITAT vs NICHE?
Habitat is like an
organism’s ____________
Niche is like an
organism’s ______________
address
OCCUPATION

7. Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2

8. The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
_____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth.
SUNLIGHT

9. AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Most autotrophs use _______________
to capture solar energy
Main producers on land
= green plants
In water = algae
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

10. Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________
They use energy stored in
________________ of
______________________to produce
carbohydrates = ___________________
Ex: Bacteria that
live in HOSTILE places
Like volcano vents, hot springs,
marshes
absence of light
chemical bonds
INORGANIC MOLECULES
CHEMOSYNTHESIS
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

11. HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms
CONSUMERS
HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms

12. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES
________________ =
eat only plants
eat only animals
eat both plants & animals
CARNIVORES
OMNIVORES

13. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
DETRITIVORES
________________ =
feed on plant & animal remains
EX: mites, earthworms,
snails, crabs
break down and absorb organic matter
EX: bacteria & fungi
DECOMPOSERS

14. ↑ ↑ CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten
CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs)
________________
_________________
= _________________ ↑ ↑
PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
FOOD CHAIN

15. In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
FOOD WEB
A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

16. PRODUCERS FIRST Each step in a food chain or web = _______________
ALWAYS
make up the
________
trophic level.
TROPHIC LEVEL
PRODUCERS
FIRST

17. Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above.
Only about_____ of
the energy from
each level is passed
on.
10%

18. Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development,
movement,
metabolism,
transport, and
reproduction.
The rest is
lost as ________
HEAT

19. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3

20. ENERGY & MATTER Energy is not the only thing
ENERGY & MATTER
Energy is not the only thing
that moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed only transformed.
Take a deep breath.
The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.

21. CARBON CYCLE CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

22. 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE
In ____________ as CO2 gas
In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas
On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil
__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels)
and calcium carbonate in rocks
atmosphere
ocean
land
Underground
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
Ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

23. Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from?
Ocean
Volcanic activity
________________
______________
_________________
____________ of dead organisms
Human activity (burning fossil fuels)
Cellular respiration
Decomposition
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

24. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
BUILDING BLOCKS
Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell

25. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for
__________ production during __________________...
the fuel that all living things depend on.
GLUCOSE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

26. Carbon Cycle

27. NITROGEN CYCLE NH3 NO3- and NO2- N2 in Atmosphere Section 3-3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

28. WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?
NITROGEN BASES
__________________make DNA and RNA
ATP
Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______
Makes AMINO part of ___________ (proteins)
amino acids
Image by Riedell
Image by Riedell

29. 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N2)
BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas
we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is so
strong it can only be broken by
_______________
____________________
CAN’T
lightning
Volcanic activity
few special bacteria
Image by Riedell
Image by Riedell

30. Bacteria that live ______________ and in _________ relationships with
plants called _________, take
nitrogen from the atmosphere and
turn it into ______________, a form
that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED _________________
in the soil
symbiotic
legumes
AMMONIA (NH3)
NITROGEN FIXATION

31. Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into ________________
& _________________
which plants can also use.
The nitrogen we need for proteins,
ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
the ___________
___________
we breathe!
NITRATES (NO3- )
& NITRITES (NO2-)
FOOD WE EAT
NOT THE AIR
Image from: and
modified by Riedell

32. Bacteria that live ______________ also carry out the reverse process
___________ → _____________.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED _________________
in the soil
NITRATES
& NITRITES
NITROGEN GAS
DENITRIFICATION