1. Introduction to Matter

2. 1.1 Properties of Matter: OBJECTIVES
Define matter, mass, and volume.
Identify physical properties of matter.
List examples of chemical properties of matter.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY PHYSICAL PROPERTY
DENSITY REACTIVITY
FLAMMABILITY VOLUME
MASS WEIGHT
MATTER

3. 1.1 Properties of Matter
What do you and a speck of dust have in common?
Both consist of atoms of matter
Matter- anything that has mass & volume
Everything is made of matter (except energy)

4. 1.1 Properties of Matter
The amount of matter in a substance is its mass
You measure mass with a balance, or a scale
The SI unit for mass is the kilogram, or kg (small objects are measured in grams, g)

5. 1.1 Properties of Matter
Mass & weight are related, but they are not the same
Weight measures the force of gravity pulling on an object
Your mass is the same on Earth and the Moon, but your weight will be very different
The SI unit for weight is newton (N)
1 kg on Earth=9.8 N
What is the weight, in newtons, of an object with a mass of 10 kg?

6. 1.1 Properties of Matter Volume is the amount of space matter takes up
Liquids are measured with graduated cylinders and beakers using the metric system; Liters (L) and milliliters (mL)
Gas volume depends on the container, they expand to fill the space
Regularly shaped solids can be calculated with their dimensions (length X width X height)
Irregular shaped solids use the displacement method (dropping it in water)

8. 1.1 Properties of Matter
Physical Properties- properties that can be measured or observed without changing it.
Use your senses (see, hear, small, feel)
Examples
Color
Odor
Hardness
Freezing/boiling points

10. 1.1 Properties of Matter
Density reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are
Mass per unit volume
Calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.
An object has a mass of 180 kg and a volume of 90 m^3. What is its density?

11. 1.1 Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties: can only be measured or observed when matter changes to become a new substance.
Examples:
Flammability-ability to burn
Reactivity- ability to combine chemically with other substances

12. 1.2 Types of Matter: OBJECTIVES
Describe elements and atoms.
Describe compounds, molecules, and crystals.
Define mixture, and identify types of mixtures.
Atom Colloid
Compound Crystal
Element Mixture
Molecule Solution
Suspension

13. 1.2 Types of Matter
The properties of matter depend on the substances that matter is made of.
Matter is either a pure substance or a combination
Element= pure substance
90+ elements occur in nature
Each element has its own unique of properties

15. 1.2 Types of Matter
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the element’s properties
All atoms of an element are alike
All elements are different

16. 1.2 Types of Matter Elements can combine in many different substances
A unique substance that forms from 2 or more elements combined chemically is called a compound
A compound has different properties than the substances it contains.
Hydrogen, Oxygen, & Water

17. 1.2 Types of Matter
The smallest particle of a compound that has the compound’s properties is a molecule
A molecule consists of 2 or more atoms joined together
Certain compounds form crystals instead of molecules
Crystals are rigid, lattice-like frameworks of many atoms bonded together

18. 1.2 Types of Matter
A combination of 2 or more substances in any proportion is a mixture
The substances in the mixture may be elements or compounds
The substances do not form a new substance, but keep their own original properties and just intermix

20. 1.2 Types of Matter
There are two types of mixtures, homogeneous and heterogeneous
Homogeneous mixtures have the same composition throughout
Salt water in the ocean
Heterogeneous mixtures vary in their composition
Trail mix, salad, chex mix, etc.
The properties of mixtres vary depending on the size of the particles

21. 1.2 Types of Matter
Solution= homogeneous mixture with tiny particles (salt water)
Too small to reflect light, settle, or filter out; cannot see particles
Suspension= heterogeneous mixture with large particles (muddy water)
Particles reflect light, settle to the bottom, and can be filtered out; you can see the
Colloid= homogeneous mixture with medium-sized particles (homogenized milk & jell-o)
Particles are large enough to reflect light and see, but too small to settle or filter out

22. 1.2 Types of Matter
The components of a mixture keep their identify when they combine
The different physical properties (boiling/melting points, density) are used to separate them

23. 1.3 Changes in Matter: OBJECTIVES
Define & give example of physical changes in matter
Define & give examples of chemical changes in matter
State the law of conservation of mass
Chemical change
Law of conservation of mass
Physical change

24. 1.3 Changes in Matter
Physical change- a change in one or more of matter’s physical properties
Matter may look different afterwards, but it is still the same substance with the same chemical properties
Physical changes are easy to undo

26. 1.3 Changes in Matter
Chemical change- matter changes chemically into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties
A chemical change has occurred when one of the following happens
Gas formed (baking soda & vinegar)
Change of color (leaves turn color in the fall)
Odor is produced (logs burning)
Solids are formed
Since chemical changes produce new substances, they often cannot be undone

28. 1.3 Changes in Matter
The law of conservation of mass= matter cannot be created nor destroyed
Even when matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, the total mass stays the same
How much you put in, is how much you get out