1. E Waste Management
A R K Reddy

2. OBJECTIVES Bring in awareness about e waste:
What is e waste?
What are the harmful materials in them?
What are the effects of wrongful disposal of the e waste?
How much are we generating?
Are there any rules and regulations?
What needs to be done for preventing deterioration of environment?

3. e Waste – Effects, Generation and Disposal
Materials used in e waste and their effects on Human beings and Environment
Generation statistics
Basal Convention
Disposal Methods of e waste
The e waste (Management and Handling rules) 2011
Challenges in handling with e waste,
Collection centers and proposed Solutions
8. Selected Case Studies

4. CONCLUSION
In view of high generation of e waste, highly limited awareness of dangers associated with its improper disposal and over 90% being recycled by unorganized sector, the environment is getting polluted very badly.
Hence, it is high time for us to realise our mistakes and take corrective measures to prevent irreparable damage to the environment.

5. Any Questions/Suggestions? Please write to arkbgl@Hotmail.com

6. THANK YOU

7. e-waste
Electrical/electronic products that has ceased to be of any value for the current user or any appliance using an electric power supply that has reached its end-of-life

8. E Waste
Categories
TVs
Mobiles
Computers
REFRIGERATORS

9. E waste Categories

10. E waste Categories PCBs Medical e Waste CDs Solar Panels
Light Bulbs/Tubes
PCBs
Medical e Waste
CDs
Solar Panels

11. Battery Waste

14. MATERIALS IN MOBILE PHONES - NOKIA

15. DO YOU KNOW?
Manufacture of mobile phones and computers consume:
3% of gold and silver
13% of palladium
15% of cobalt Mined per year worldwide?
According to the Environmental protection agency(EPA) estimates:
Recycling 1 million cell phones can recover about:
24 kg (50 lb) of gold,
250 kg (550 lb) of silver,
9 kg (20 lb) of palladium, and
> 9,000 kg (20,000 lb) of copper.

16. Effect of hazardous items in e waste on Human beings
1 LEAD :
Can cause permanent damage to the brain, kidney, blood system and nervous system causing retardation and behavioral changes;
Affects brain development of children.
2 Chromium: Asthmatic bronchitis and DNA damage.
3 Cadmium:
Toxic irreversible effects on human health,
Accumulates in kidney and lever,
Causes neural damage.

17. Effect of hazardous items in e waste on Human beings
4 Mercury: Chronic damage to the brain.
Cause respiratory and skin disorders due to bioaccumulation in fishes.
5 Plastics : Burning produces dioxin which causes
Reproductive and developmental problems;
Immune system damage;
Interfere with regulatory hormones.
6 Barium : Leads to muscle weakness
Damage to Heart, Lever and Spleen.

18. Effect of hazardous items in e waste on Human beings
7 Beryllium:
Exposing to fumes of beryllium compounds may injure the lungs, kidney, liver, heart and exposed parts of the body i.e. eyes and skin. Also known as the cancer causing substance.
8 Flame Retardants:
Disrupts Endocrine System functions.

19. Disposal Methods Recycling, Recovery of Precious Items
Burning in Open Air to recover copper and other metals,
Donating,
Dumping as seconds by developed Nations in some of the developing Nations, including India
Land filling.

20. RECYCLING
FORMAL WAY
INFORMAL WAY

21. Recycling of e Waste - ASSOCHAM
E waste recycling (?)
90% - in informal sector based in urban slums;
Less than 10% in organized sector.
The biggest e-waste recycling market in India is Delhi and approximately % of the e-waste in India lands here.
No. of Recyclers: 138 registered recyclers in India who dismantles the e waste and export the dismantled parts for metal extraction.

22. Illegal Recycling - Moradabad
MORADABAD gets 50% of all PCBs in India.
Generates 9 T of hazardous waste daily, with officials saying close to 50,000 people are involved in it.
Most of the recycling is illegal.
Investigation by CSE (Centre for Science and Environment) found in the soil samples collected near river Ramganga, a tributary of Ganga that:
zinc levels : 15 times more than that permitted.
Copper levels : five times higher
Chromium level : twice the standard permitted,
Cadmium level : 1.3 times the permitted levels.

23. BURNING OF e WASTE

24. Heavy Metals in Landfills
Municipal solid wastes in developing countries may contain up to 3 per cent hazardous wastes, including e-waste, which leads to increase in concentrations of heavy metals in leachate.
About 40% of the lead and 70% of the heavy metals that you’ll find in any landfill comes from e-waste.
These toxics mix up with ground water, contribute in water pollution and lead to soil acidification.

25. e waste generation worldwide 2014
As per the 'Global E-Waste Monitor 2014‘ compiled by United Nations University (UNU):
US and China produced 32% of the world’s e-waste in 2014.
The highest e waste producers in Asia:
China (6.0Mt),
Japan (2.20 Mt) and
India (1.70 Mt) – 5th biggest producer in the world.
UN report warns that the volume of global e-waste is likely to rise sharply by 21% in next three years.
As per the survey, the inventory of e waste in USA in 2014 is:
Approx. 77 million CRT TVs in U.S. households and
Approx. 30 million CRT monitors.

29. Composition of e waste generated worldwide in 2014
1.0 Mt lamps,
3.0 Mt of Small IT,
6.3 Mt of screens and monitors,
7.0 Mt of temperature exchange equipment (cooling and freezing equipment),
11.8 Mt large equipment, and
12.7 Mt of small equipment.
41.8 Total

30. Replacement Rates of electronic Products:
Why so much generation?
Replacement Rates of electronic Products:
Cell Phones:
Americans - Every 18 months,
Europeans - every 15 months, and
Japanese - every 9 months.
Digital cameras:
Range between two and three years.
PCs :
U.S. businesses - every two years
As per EPA:
142,000 computers and over 416,000 mobile devises were trashed every day in USA!!

32. Generation of e waste in India
As per the ASSOCHAM study released on 21/4/16:
India was likely to generate e-waste to an extent of 18.5 Lakh MT in 2015
e waste in India is growing at a compounded growth rate of about 20%
likely to increase to 30.0 lakh MT by 2018.
Less than 10% of the total e-waste produced in India are recycled in formal sector.

33. Generation of e waste in India
Top e waste generating cities:
Mumbai - 1,20,000MT in 2015;
Delhi-NCR - 98,000MT
Bangalore - 92,000 MT
Chennai - 67,000MT
Kolkata - 55,000MT
Composition of e waste:
Computer equipment %
Telecom. equipment - 12%
Electrical equipment - 8% and
Medical equipment - 7%

34. Mobile phones sales statistics - India
As per FICCI-EY report titled 'Speeding Ahead on the Telecom and Digital Economy Highway‘ the domestic market expected to cross 300 million devices in 2015 (or 8.3 lakhs per day)
No. of mobiles in India as on 30/11/2015 – 1001 million

35. The e waste (management and handling rules) 2016
Manufacturer’s/Producer’s extended Responsibility:
Collect the waste materials back through dealers/Associations and recycle them
Targets for collection fixed
Payment to be made to the customer at the time of returning
Exchange permitted
Dealers may collect e-waste by providing the consumer a box, bin or a demarcated area to deposit e-waste.

36. The e waste (management and handling rules) 2016
Manufacturer/Producer need to comply with threshold limits for the use of certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment.
Bulk manufactures/consumers to maintain records in form no. 2 and hand over the waste to approved recyclers.
State Govt.:
To provide facilities in Industrial estates for collection/segregation
Register and Train those workers engaged in recycling works

37. Targets for Extended Producer’s Responsibility - Authorization
No.
Year
E-Waste Collection Target based on the Quantity e waste generation indicated in the extended producers responsibility plan (Number/Weight) 1
During first two year of
implementation of rules
30%. 2
During third and fourth years of implementation of rules
40% 3
During Fifth and Sixth years of implementation of rules
50% 4
Seventh year onward of
70%

38. BASEL CONVENTION OBJECTIVES:
TO PREVENT TRANS BOUNDARY MOVEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
TO DISPOSE OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AS CLOSE AS TO THE SOURCE OF GENERATION
TO MINIMISE GENERATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE IN TERMS OF QUANTITY AND HAZARDOUSNESS.

39. BASEL CONVENTION Came into force from 1992.
186 Countries and European union are party to it.
However, US have not so far ratified it.
In spite of this Convention, developed countries dump their e-waste in the name of seconds or donations to developing Nations, including India.

40. In spite of Basel Convention Exports of e waste

41. Challenges in Handling e waste
Generation is quite high
Formal Recovering capacity too less
Over 5 lakh laborers in the age group of years work for recycling mainly in informal Sector.
Know how for recovery of precious metals in economical way does not exist
Imports take place in the form of second hand goods or donations.
Public awareness with regard to dangers of e waste as well as the avenues available for proper disposal is quite limited.
Action from Government agencies is not encouraging

42. Solutions for e waste Adopt the Easy Mantra of REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE:
THE FIRST STEP REDUCE:
Buy Only What You Need
Borrow or share items that you don’t need daily
Sell off unwanted items in the house in a rummage or garage sale
Give away items that are of no use to you but would be of need to someone else around you.
THE SECOND STEP REUSE (What you can’t reduce):
Buy rechargeable batteries
Buy a multipurpose household (all surface) cleaner
Donate reusable items to NGOs
THE THIRD STEP RECYCLE (What you can’t reuse):
Sort out unwanted trash from items you could reuse.
Review the items you are giving away to your kabadiwallah so that they do not end up in wrong hands.
Make sure you send items that are worthy of being recycled to authorized recyclers only.

43. Solutions for e waste
Pollution control agencies to monitor and ensure implementation of ‘the e waste management rules, 2016’ by manufacturers’, producers and bulk users.
Create Massive awareness and its effect amongst public.
Provide collection bins at all convenient locations
Organize collection drives along with recyclers
Handover the collected e waste to approved and reputed recyclers.
Technical Interventions to reduce sizes, limit/reduce hazardous items etc.

44. Solutions for e waste Never:
Throw them into dust bins
Burn them
The Municipalities may introduce a system similar to that of European Union, shown in the next few slides.

45. ‘e’ Waste collection centers in Bengaluru
1. KSPCB – Church Street
2. Eco-Birdd Recycling Co. Pvt Ltd, Nayandahalli.
3. RT Nagar, City central library
Bommanahalli BBMP,
Bangalore One – BBMP Arkere.
5. Jayanagar 3rd Blk, BBMP Office.
SAAHAS, 431, 8th Cross, Jayanagar 1st Block.
Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled, J.P. Nagar, 2nd Phase.

46. Saahas e-Waste Collection Centres
Kasa Rasa 1: Premises of Hot Mix Plant, Koramangala 6th Block, Ejipura. Timings: 10 am -6 pm. (Sunday closed)
Kasa Rasa 2: High Tension Wire ground, Koramangala 5th Block, Near Hotel Empire. Timings: 10 am -6 pm. (Sunday closed)
Saahas Office: #433, 8th Cross, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bangalorre – Timings: 9.30am -6.30pm (Monday to Friday), 9.30 am-4.30 pm (Saturday), Sunday closed.
City Central Library: East Zone, 1st Main Road, R.T.Nagar, Bangalore Timings: 8.30 am – 7.30 pm (closed on Mondays and 2nd Tuesdays)
Koramangala 3rd Block, RWA Library, Inside Park, behind Post Office, Between 10th and 12th Main (Ward 151). Timings: 5 am-11 am and 4pm-7pm
Hippocampus Library: 525, 16th Main, Koramangala 3rd Block, Bangalore Timings: 10 am-7 pm (Monday closed)
Mother Earth: , Amarjyoti HSBC, Opposite Dell, intermediate Ring Road, Domlur, Bangalore. Timings: 11 am-9pm

47. KSPCB APPROVED E WASTE RECYCLERS
M/s. E-Parisara Pvt Ltd, Dabaspet Bangalore.
M/s. K.G. Nandini Enterprises, Bidadi.
M/s. E-R3 Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore,
M/s. E-Scrapy Recyclers, Byreshwara industrial area, Peenya 2nd stage, Bangalore
M/s. H. M. G. Eco Care recycling Pvt. Ltd, Kumbalgodu,Mysore Road, Bangalore

48. Case study I Collection of small batteries in European Union

49. SMALL Used or Discarded BATTERIES Collection – HOW IS IT TACKLED IN EUROPE ?

50. Small Batteries Collections - Europe
As per Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC requires the 30 EEA member countries:
to achieve minimum collection rates for portable batteries of 25% in 2012 and 45% in 2016.
requires distributors or retailers to take back waste batteries
Municipalities are required to:
provide retailers with collection containers, thus ensuring waste battery campaign recognition,
pick up full containers within a reasonable time period, or alternatively whether

51. Small Batteries Collections - Europe
Municipalities are required to:
Municipal collection points are required to accept waste batteries from retailers and
Retailers are subject to a measurable obligation to display the availability of the collection point.
As on 2012 only 3 countries viz. Cyprus, Malta and Romania missed the target ( in these countries the schemes started only in 2012).
For every 690 residents they have one collection center.

52. Case Study II Collection of used or discarded CFLs in Srilanka

53. Collection and recycling of used/discarded CFLs
Orange Electric has 40 percent share in CFL market and it manufactures around 0.6 million bulbs every month.
The company took the responsibility for the proper recycling of 0.5 million bulbs that are disposed in Sri Lanka every month.
Orange Electronic in partnership with Nordic Recycling AB of Sweden has set up a recycling plant Asia Recycling in 2011 with a capacity to recycle upto 30 million CFLs annually which is thrice the annual usage of CFLs in Sri Lanka.

54. Collection of used/discarded CFLs
Collection System of the Company:
Makes regular collections of CFLs from banks, schools, universities, factories, hospitals and government agencies.
For other consumers and households the company has provided designated collection centres and has also placed collection boxes at supermarkets and distributor points.
Provides a discount of 10 LKR on returning of any brand of CFL bulb on new purchase of the company CFL.