1. Cells & Batteries

2. Our bodies use a small electrical signal to control our hearts.
Some people have a problem with their heart not beating properly.
Electricity used to operate a pacemaker comes from an electrochemical cell that supplies a steady current.
Pacemaker

3. Lithium & Iodine
An electrochemical cell is a package of chemicals designed to produce small amounts of electricity.
The electricity the cell produces comes from chemical reactions.
Other cells, made with other chemicals, are used in things like toys, cars & computers.

4. Electrolyte
Paste or liquid that conducts electricity because it contains chemicals that form ions.
Ion: an atom or a group of atoms that has become chemically charged.

5. 2 Main types of cells: Dry Cells Wet Cells
Chemicals are in a paste; sealed.
Chemicals don’t leak out
Used in flashlights
Uses a liquid electrolyte that is usually an acid (sulfuric acid).
Many of the earliest cells were wet cells.
Used in vehicles

6. 2 Main types of cells: Dry Cells Wet Cells Cheaper and easier to make
Dangerous; liquid electrolyte can spill and is highly corrosive.

7. Wet Cells

8. Solutions?
Problems?
Heavy & Rigid

9. Plastic
Normally an insulator, but substances can be added to make it act like a metal.
Not yet as powerful as metal-based cells.
Light & Flexible- can be as thin as a credit card.

10. Primary Cells

11. Secondary Cells Also called rechargeable cells
Chemical reactions can be reversed by using an external electrical source to run electricity back through the cell.
Reverse reaction must occur efficiently-Nickel Oxide & cadmium- Advertised as Ni-Cad batteries

12. Even rechargeable cells wear out in time.
Not Perfect
Even rechargeable cells wear out in time.

13. Batteries
Connect cells together.

14. Alessandro Volta made the first usable battery around 1800
Humphry Davy connected 2000 cells together to form one battery in 1807.

15. Work of scientists let to a whole new field:
Electrochemistry

16. Electrochemistry
Study of chemical reactions involving electricity.

17. Electrolysis
Process which splits water into hydrogen and oxygen.

19. Electroplating
Coating a cheaper metal with a think layer of gold or silver.
Less expensive & stronger. Gold plating

20. Anodizing Coating aluminum parts with a layer of aluminum oxide.
Coating is much harder than just aluminum.
Used in products such as screen doors, airplane or car parts, kitchenware, and jewelry.

21. Electrorefining Removes impurities from metal (like gold).
Automobile companies also use electrochemistry to bond special paints onto car parts.

22. Check & Reflect
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