1. WIMAX AND LTE

2. WHAT IS WIMAX?
A fourth generation (4G) technology.WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. WiMAX is technically also known as “IEEE ”
WiMAX is a wireless communications standard designed for creating Metropolitan Area Networks(MANs).
Founded by Ensemble, CrossSpan, Harris & Nokia

3. FEATURES SUPPORTED BY WIMAX
Scalable bandwidth and high Data Rates
Adaptive modulation and coding
Link layer retransmission
Support for TDD and FDD
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access
Flexible and dynamic per user resource allocation
Support for advanced antenna techniques

4. WIMAX ARCHITECTURE The architecture divided into three parts –
Mobile stations - used by the subscriber to access the network
The Access Service Network (ASN) – which is owned by NAP and comprises one or more base stations and one or more ASN gateways that form the radio access network the subscriber and provides the broadband access service
The Connectivity Service Network (CSN) - which is owned by the NSP and provides IP connectivity and all the IP core network functions

5. WIMAX SPECIFICATION
802.16a
-Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz
-Supports Mesh network
802.16b
-Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz
-Provides QoS( for real time voice and video service)
802.16c
-Represents a 10 to 66GHz

6. WIMAX PROTOCAL STACK MAC Privacy Sub-layer MAC Convergence Sub-layer
Physical Layer
Network Layer
MAC Convergence Sub-layer
MAC Layer

7. USES OF WIMAX Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet.
Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for "last mile" broadband access.
Providing data and telecommunications services.
Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan.
Providing portable connectivity.
Providing hassle free ,reliable & hi-speed broadband access.

8. APPLICATIONS Residential or Home and Broadband Internet Access:
Medium and small size business:
Wi Fi Hotspots.
Multi-player Interactive Gaming.
VOIP and Video Conference
Streaming Media
Web Browsing and Instant Messaging

9. LTE (LONG TERM EVOLUTION)
Long term evolution (LTE) is the next step forward in cellular 3G services.
LTE technology is a based on a 3GPP standard that provides for a downlink speed of up to 150 megabits per second (Mbps) and an uplink speed of up to 50 Mbps.
LTE is a way for cellular communications to operate at that high data rate.
These high data rates will enables new applications and services such as voice over IP, streaming multimedia, videoconferencing or even a high-speed cellular modem.

10. LTE ARCHITECTURE

11. COMPONENT OF LTE ARCHITECTURE
Evolved Packet System (EPS)
Radio-Access Network (RAN)
UE(User Equipment )
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

12. LTE ADVANCED TOPOLOGIES

13. MULTI-HOP COMMUNICATIONS
Multi-hop communications is a way where users get the services from BS through different hops:
Point to multipoint
In point to multi point communication is a topology where BS communicate with end users in LOS and NLOS environment.
Relay Topology
This is based on tree topology, where relay communicate as a middle node between BS and MS where one end is connected with BS and other with MS.

14. Mesh Topology
In mesh topology, all the devices can be connected with each other within the same network. In mesh every node is connected to other nodes within the same topology or network.

15. LTE PROTOCOL OPERATION
Scheduling :downlink scheduling, uplink scheduling
Management and Control Functions
Handover and Roaming
Power Save Operation

16. CONCLUSION
The principal of LTE is that the LTE network, like all cellular systems, is designed to operate in scarce and valuable licensed spectrum.
This means that it is highly optimized and a lot of complexity is necessary for the highest possible efficiency.
LTE uses all the time on the downlink for conveying data.

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