1. Hydrometric method Measuring cylinder and hydrometer calibration
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Measuring cylinder and hydrometer calibration
For correction of hydrometer weight base volume
Scale markings
1,030
Weighted base

2. Hydrometric method Measuring cylinder and hydrometer calibration KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Measuring cylinder and hydrometer calibration
1,000
hR = h1 + h0/2
∆h = h – h0
∆h = V/F
V/F = h – h0
h0 = h – V/F
h0/2 = h/2 – V/2F
hR = h1 + h/2 – V/2F
h1 = L – R.L/S
S – the number of units on the scale (30)
h1 = L/S (S – R) L R
1,019 h1 h1
1,030 ∆h hR h0 h F ∆h V

3. Hydrometric method S The number of units on the scale (30)
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
S The number of units on the scale (30)
R Hydrometer reading (1.019; CORRECTION 19!!!!!)
L Scale length (cm)
h/2 Half height of weighted base (cm)
V Volume of weighted base (cm3)
F Area of measuring cylinder base (cm2)

4. Hydrometric method Sample preparation
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Sample preparation
To break soil aggregates to single (elementary) grains
Can by done by mechanical way, chemical way or combination of both
Methodology of sample preparation:
Soil weight: 80 – 100 g Light soil
40 – 60 g Intermediate soil
20 – 40 g Heavy soil
Place soil sample into the boiling cup and mix it with distillate water and dispersing agent (Na3(PO4)6) by ratio 1g : 1ml : 1ml
Boil the soil suspension for 3 min. and move it quantitatively into measuring cylinder

5. Hydrometric method Methodology of soil texture analyses
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Methodology of soil texture analyses
Move the soil suspension into measuring cylinder and fill the measuring cylinder to the mark of 1000 ml
Stir the soil suspension in measuring cylinder violently
Put hydrometer into measuring cylinder and read the values in defined times (see below)
Measure the soil suspension temperature after every hydrometer reading

6. Hydrometric method Methodology of soil texture analyses Time
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Methodology of soil texture analyses
Time
Temperature R R0 hR d Σ%
30´´ T1
1,029 1´ 26 2´ 23 5´ 19
10´ T2 14
20´ T3 13
30´ T4 12
40´ T5 11
50´ T6
60´ T7
Leave the hydrometer in soil suspension
Remove the hydrometr afther every reading and clean it

7. Hydrometric method Methodology of soil texture analyses Time Temp. R
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Methodology of soil texture analyses
Time
Temp. R R0 hR
d (mm) Σ%
30´´ T1 29 1´ 26 2´ 23 5´ 19
10´ T2 14
20´ T3 13
30´ T4 12
40´ T5 11
50´ T6
60´ T7

8. °C 20 21 22 23 24 25
Correction 0
+ 0,5
+ 0,36

9. Hydrometric method Methodology of soil texture analyses Time Temp. R
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Methodology of soil texture analyses
Time
Temp. R R0 hR
d (mm) Σ%
30´´ T1 29 1´ 26 2´ 23 5´ 19
10´ T2 14
20´ T3 13
30´ T4 12
40´ T5 11
50´ T6
60´ T7
R + correction

10. Hydrometric method Methodology of soil texture analyses Time Temp. R
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Methodology of soil texture analyses
Time
Temp. R R0 hR
d (mm) Σ%
30´´ T1 29 1´ 26 2´ 23 5´ 19
10´ T2 14
20´ T3 13
30´ T4 12
40´ T5 11
50´ T6
60´ T7

11. Hydrometric method Methodology of soil texture analyses Time Temp. R
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Methodology of soil texture analyses
Time
Temp. R R0 hR
d (mm) Σ%
30´´ T1 29 1´ 26 2´ 23 5´ 19
10´ T2 14
20´ T3 13
30´ T4 12
40´ T5 11
50´ T6
60´ T7

12. d v Time ρZ A T hours minutes seconds (Casagrande A., Modified)
dynamic viscosity of liquids [g.cm-1.s-1]
particle density [g.cm-3]
specific gravity of liquid [g.cm-3]
sedimentation rate [cm.s-1]
particle diameters [mm]
suspension temperature [OC]
Depth [cm]
time
Nomogram
for Particle Size
Determination
Temperaure correction ( t )
Key for particle size determination
hours
seconds
minutes
(Casagrande A., Modified) ρz d v
Time ρZ A T

13. Hydrometric method Methodology of soil texture analyses Time Temp. R
KPG
Katedra pedologie a geologie
Hydrometric method
Methodology of soil texture analyses
Time
Temp. R R0 hR
d (mm) Σ%
30´´ T1 29 1´ 26 2´ 23 5´ 19
10´ T2 14
20´ T3 13
30´ T4 12
40´ T5 11
50´ T6
60´ T7
Σ% = 100/g * (ρZ.R0 / ρZ-1)
g......Soil weight used for analyses

14. PARTICLE SIZE CURVE Grevel Sand Silt Clay Particle size diameters [mm]
Percentage of particle size
Grevel
Sand
Silt
Clay
Clay % 11
Silt % 26
Sand % 63
PARTICLE SIZE CURVE
2 mm
0.063 mm
0.002 mm

15. Soil Texture
Sand + Silt + Clay = 100%
20 % Sand
30 % Silt
50 % Clay

16. Soil Texture
by Feel
Analyses

17. PARTICLE SIZE CURVE Grevel Sand Silt Clay 2 mm 0.063 mm 0.002 mm
Percentage of particle size
Particle size diameters [mm]

18. (Casagrande A., Modified)
dynamic viscosity of liquids [g.cm-1.s-1]
particle density [g.cm-3]
specific gravity of liquid [g.cm-3]
sedimentation rate [cm.s-1]
particle diameters [mm]
suspension temperature [OC]
Depth [cm]
time
Nomogram
for Particle Size
Determination
Temperaure correction ( t )
Key for particle size determination
hours
seconds
minutes
(Casagrande A., Modified) ρz