1. Diversity of Life - Animals- (General Features)

2. What makes an animal an animal?
All animals are multicellular
Heterotrophic
All animals must ingest food to obtain at least some of their organic molecules.

3. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development

4. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
1. Symmetry
3 basic types (with one variation)
a. Asymmetry - no body symmetry
e.g. Sponges

5. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
1. Symmetry -
3 basic types (with one variation)
b. Radial - an infinite number of planes of symmetry through the body
e.g. Sea anemone

6. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
1. Symmetry -
3 basic types (with one variation)
b. Radial - Pentaradial - five planes of symmetry through the body 2 1
e.g. Sea star 5 3 4

7. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
1. Symmetry -
3 basic types (with one variation)
c. Bilateral - one plane of symmetry through the body

8. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
2. Tissues
Tissues - collections of specialized cells isolated from other cells by membranous layers

9. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
2. Tissues
During embryonic development
- layers of tissue develop around the body

10. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
2. Tissues
During embryonic development
- layers of tissue develop around the body
There can be two
or three
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Diploblastic
Triploblastic

11. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
3. Body Cavities
Animals can have a fluid-filled space that separates the digestive tract from the body wall
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Coelom
Digestive cavity
Triploblastic

12. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds
Coelomate - the coelom is lined on both sides with mesoderm

13. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds
Coelomate - the coelom is lined on both sides with mesoderm
Pseudocoelomate - the coelom (= pseudocoelem) is lined on one side with mesoderm

14. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds
Coelomate - the coelom is lined on both sides with mesoderm
Pseudocoelomate - the coelom (= pseudocoelom) is lined on one side with mesoderm
Acoelomate - there is no body cavity between the digestive tract and body wall

15. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds
acoelomate
coelomate
pseudocoelomate
Mesoderm on only one side of coelom
Mesoderm on both sides of coelom

16. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
3. Body Cavities - There are three different kinds
Coelom

17. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
4. Type of development
Fertilization

18. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
4. Type of development
Fertilization
Cell begins cleavage
Two cell stage

19. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
4. Type of development
Fertilization
Cell begins cleavage
Two cell stage
Four cell stage

20. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
4. Type of development
Fertilization
Cell begins cleavage
Hollow ball of cells
Two cell stage
Four cell stage
Blastula

21. Major Features of Animals
Symmetry
Tissues
Body Cavities
Type of Development
4. Type of development
Ball of cells
invaginates
blastopore
Fertilization
Cell begins cleavage
Hollow ball of cells
Gastrula
Two cell stage
Four cell stage
Blastula

22. Major Features of Animals
4. Type of development
Cleavage
a. Cleavage
A fertilized egg will divide
Vertically
or on an angle
Radial
Spiral

23. Major Features of Animals
4. Type of development
Cleavage
Spiral
Radial
a. Cleavage
Cleavage can be:
Determinate - the ultimate fate of every cell is known at the 4-cell stage
b. Indeterminate - the ultimate fate of every cell is not known at the 4-cell stage

24. Major Features of Animals
4. Type of development
Cleavage
Spiral
Radial
Determinate
Indeterminate
Coelom
formation
b. Coelom formation
Remember the gastrula?
Coelom can begin formation or
Schizocoely
Enterocoely

25. Major Features of Animals
4. Type of development
Cleavage
Spiral
Radial
Determinate
Indeterminate
Coelom
formation
Schizocoely
Enterocoely
c. Fate of the blastopore
blastopore
Blastopore can become the
mouth or the anus

26. Major Features of Animals
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Cleavage
Spiral
Radial
Determinate
Indeterminate
Coelom
formation
Schizocoely
Enterocoely
Fate of blastopore
Mouth
Anus

27. Major Features of Animals
Protostomes
Molluscs
Annelids
Arthropods

28. Major Features of Animals
Protostomes
Molluscs
Annelids
Arthropods
Deuterostomes
Echinoderms
Chordates

29. Summary 1. Symmetry -asymmetrical -radial (+ pentaradial) -bilateral
2. Tissues
-diploblastic
-triploblastic
3. Body Cavities
-acoelomate
-pseudocoelomate
-coelomate
4. Type of Development
a. Cleavage
- spiral or radial
- determinate or indeterminate
b. Coelom formation
- schizocoely or enterocoely
c. Fate of blastopore
- mouth or anus

30. Summary Protostomes Deuterostomes 1. Symmetry -asymmetrical
-radial (+pentaradial)
-bilateral
2. Tissues
-diploblastic
-triploblastic
3. Body Cavities
-acoelomate
-pseudocoelomate
-coelomate
4. Type of Development
a. Cleavage
- spiral or radial
- determinate or indeterminate
b. Coelom formation
- schizocoely or enterocoely
c. Fate of blastopore
- mouth or anus
Protostomes
Deuterostomes