1. Chapter 6 Database Administrator (DBA)
Data Management

2. Agenda DBMS Vendors A Database Administrator Responsibilities (DBA)
Example
Cloud Computing Overview

3. 1. DBMS Vendors

4. Tier-1 DBMS Vendors DBMS Vendor DBMS Product IBM Corporation DB2
Oracle Corporation
Oracle
Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server
When choosing a DBMS, Tier 1 represents the largest vendors having the most heavily implemented and supported products on the market. You cannot go wrong with DB2 or Oracle. Both are popular and support just about any type of database. Another major player is Microsoft SQL Server, but only for Windows platforms. DB2 and Oracle run on multiple platforms ranging from mainframe to UNIX, as well as Windows and even handheld devices. Choosing a DBMS other than these three should be done only under specific circumstances

5. Tier-2 DBMS Vendors
DBMS Vendor
DBMS Product
IBM Corporation
Informix Dynamic Server
Sybase Inc. (an SAP Company)
Adaptive Server Enterprise
Teradata Corporation
Teradata
MySQL (a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation)
MySQL
Tier-2 DBMS vendors, all of these offerings are quality DBMS products, but their installed base is smaller, their products are engineered and marketed for niche purposes, or the companies are smaller with fewer resources than the Big Three (IBM, Oracle, and Microsoft), so there is some risk in choosing a DBMS from tier 2 instead of tier 1. However, there may be solid reasons for deploying a tier-2 solution, such as the high performance offered by Informix or the data warehousing and analytics capabilities of Teradata.

6. Other DBMS Products
Many of DBMS products are fine products and worthy of consideration for specialty processing, certain predefined needs, and niche roles.
Company is heavily into the open source software movement, PostgreSQL, EnterpriseDB, or MySQL might be viable options.
An object DBMS is important for a specific project, you might consider ObjectDesign or Versant.
And there are a variety of NoSQL DBMS offerings available, too, such as Hadoop, Cassandra, and MongoDB.1

7. How to select DBMS
You will need a strategy and a plan for selecting the appropriate DBMS for your specific situation. When choosing a DBMS, be sure to consider each of these factors:
Operating system support
Type of organization
Benchmarks
Scalability
Availability of supporting software tools

8. Operating system support
Does the DBMS support the operating systems in use at your organization, including the versions that you are currently using and plan on using?
สนับสนุนระบบปฏิบัติการ

9. Type of organization ประเภทขององค์กร
Take into consideration the corporate philosophy when you choose a DBMS.
Some organizations are very conservative and like to keep a tight rein on their environments; these organizations tend to gravitate toward traditional mainframe environments.
Government operations, financial institutions, and insurance and health companies usually tend to be conservative. More liberal organizations are often willing to consider alternative architectures. It is not uncommon for manufacturing companies, dotcoms, and universities to be less conservative.
Finally, some companies just do not trust system as a mission critical environment and prefer to use UNIX; this rules out some database vendors (Microsoft SQL Server, in particular).
ประเภทขององค์กร

10. Benchmarks
What performance benchmarks are available from the DBMS vendor and other users of the DBMS?
The Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) publishes official database performance benchmarks that can be used as a guideline for the basic overall performance of many different types of database processing.
มาตรฐาน

11. Scalability
Does the DBMS support the number of users and database sizes you intend to implement?
How are large databases built, supported, and maintained easily or with a lot of pain?
สามารถปรับขนาดได้

12. Availability of supporting software tools
Are the supporting tools you require available for the DBMS?
These items may include query and analysis tools, data warehousing support tools, database administration tools, backup and recovery tools, performance monitoring
ความพร้อมของซอฟต์แวร์ที่สนับสนุน

13. 2. A Database Administrator Responsibilities (DBA)

14. Tasks of a Database Administrator
The following tasks present a prioritized approach for designing, implementing, and maintaining an Oracle Database: Task 1: Evaluate the Database Server Hardware Task 2: Install the Oracle Database Software Task 3: Plan the Database Task 4: Create and Open the Database
Task 5: Back Up the Database
Task 6: Enroll System Users
Task 7: Implement the Database Design
Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database
Task 9: Tune Database Performance
Task 10: Download and Install Patches
Task 11: Roll Out to Additional Hosts

15. Task 1: Evaluate the Database Server Hardware
Evaluate how Oracle Database and its applications can best use the available computer resources. This evaluation should reveal the following information:
How many disk drives are available to the Oracle products
How much memory is available to the instances of Oracle Database you will run (see your system configuration documentation)
ประเมินฮาร์ดแวร์ของเซิร์ฟเวอร์ฐานข้อมูล

16. Task 2: Install the Database Software
As the database administrator, you install the database server software and any front-end tools and database applications that access the database.
In some distributed processing installations, the database is controlled by a database server and the database tools and applications are executed on remote computers (clients).
ติดตั้งซอฟต์แวร์ฐานข้อมูล

17. Task 3: Plan the Database
As the database administrator, you must plan:
The logical storage structure of the database
The overall database design
A backup strategy for the database
It is important to plan how the logical storage structure of the database will affect system performance and various database management operations. For example, before creating any tablespaces for your database, you should know how many data files will comprise the tablespace, what type of information will be stored in each tablespace, and on which disk drives the data files will be physically stored.
Consider how the logical storage structure of the database will affect:
The performance of the computer running Database
The performance of the database during data access operations
วางแผนฐานข้อมูล

18. Task 4: Create and Open the Database
After you complete the database design, you can create the database and open it for normal use.
You can create a database at installation time, using the Database Configuration Assistant, or you can supply your own scripts for creating a database.
สร้างและเปิดฐานข้อมูล

19. Task 5: Back Up the Database
After you create the database structure, perform the backup strategy you planned for the database.
Create any additional redo log files, take the first full database backup (online or offline), and schedule future database backups at regular intervals.
การสำรองฐานข้อมูล

20. Task 6: Enroll System Users
After you back up the database structure, you can enroll the users of the database and grant appropriate privileges and roles to these users.
Managing Users and Securing the Database
ลงทะเบียนผู้ใช้ระบบ

21. Task 7: Implement the Database Design
After you create and start the database, and enroll the system users, you can implement the planned logical structure database by creating all necessary tablespaces. When you have finished creating tablespaces, you can create the database objects.
Database Structure and Storage
Schema Objects provide information on creating logical storage structures and objects for your database.
ดำเนินการออกแบบฐานข้อมูล

22. Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database
When the database is fully implemented, again back up the database. In addition to regularly scheduled backups, you should always back up your database immediately after implementing changes to the database structure.
สำรองฐานข้อมูล

23. Task 9: Tune Database Performance
Optimizing the performance of the database is one of your ongoing responsibilities as a DBA.
Database provides a database resource management feature that helps you to control the allocation of resources among various user groups.
Managing Resources with Database Resource Manager
ปรับแต่งประสิทธิภาพของฐานข้อมูล

24. Task 10: Download and Install Patches
After installation and on a regular basis, download and install patches.
Patches are available as single interim patches and as patch sets (or patch releases). Interim patches address individual software bugs and may or may not be needed at your installation.
Patch releases are collections of bug fixes that are applicable for all customers.
Patch releases have release numbers. For example, if you installed Oracle Database , the first patch release will have a release number of
ดาวน์โหลดและติดตั้งแพทช์

25. Task 11: Roll Out to Additional Hosts
After you have an Database installation properly configured, tuned, patched, and tested, you may want to roll that exact installation out to other hosts. Reasons to do this include the following:
You have multiple production database systems.
You want to create development and test systems that are identical to your production system.
Instead of installing, tuning, and patching on each additional host, you can clone your tested Oracle Database installation to other hosts, saving time and avoiding inconsistencies.
ติดตั้งไปยังโฮสต์อื่น ๆ เพิ่มเติม
Fogel, S. (2015). Oracle Database: Administrator’s Guide

26. A Database Administrator Responsibilities (DBA)
Maintenance
Monitor the server
Configure the server
Maintain log files
Design
Design the database
Create the database
Security
Maintain user accounts
Secure the server and its databases
Backup
Backup the database regularly
Restore the database if necessary
Migrate data to another server if necessary
Miscellaneous
Start or stop the server when necessary
Optimize the server
Update software when necessary
Enable and manage replication if necessary

27. Types of Database Files
Configuration file
Files that contain configuration options that the MySQL server users to set its defaults when it starts. For Windows, this file is named my.ini. For Mac OS X and Unix, this file is named my.cnf
Data file
Files that define the tables, indexes, and other database objects. These files also store any data that’s used by the database objects. InnoDB uses one file per table (an .frm file). MyISAM uses three files per table (.frm, .myd, and .,yi)
Log file
Files that contain information that’s written (logged) by the database server. You can configure your server to turn these files on or off and to control how they work.
murach’s MySQL

28. Example

29. The Server Status Window
View the server status: the server has enough resources to handle its connections and traffic

30. The Process List
To view the process that running

31. Status Variables

32. DBA: How to restore database

33. DBA: How to import and export data

34. 4. Cloud Computing Overview
At a high level, cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service. Cloud computing applications rely on a network (typically the Internet) to provide users with shared resources, software, and data.
With cloud computing, computer systems and applications are supposed to function like a utility provider.
The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet. It is based on the tendency to draw network access as an abstract “cloud” in infrastructure diagrams.
From a DBMS perspective, cloud computing moves the data and its management away from your local computing environment and delivers it as a service over the Internet.

35. Cloud Computing Overview
Data is stored and controlled by an external agent (the cloud provider) that provider manages and cares for these administrative tasks.
An example of a cloud database platform is Microsoft SQL Azure. It is built on SQL Server technologies and is a component of the Windows Azure platform.

36. QUESTIONS

37. References Fogel, S. (2015). Oracle Database: Administrator’s Guide.
Murach, J. (2015). murach’s MySQL: Trining & reference. 2nd edition.
administration-training/
Paper-The-role-of-the-database-administrator