1. EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA
Unit 1: BEGINNINGS TO 1763
EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA

2. Essential Question #1 – How did the Old World and New World interact
Essential Question #1 – How did the Old World and New World interact? (Mercantilism, 3 G’s, Columbian Exchange and Triangular Trade)

3. THE AMERICAS, WEST AFRICA, AND EUROPE – Day 1
Ancient Cultures arrived about 22,000 years ago via a land bridge
Earliest settlers were hunters
Agriculture thrived starting about 5,000 years ago
Some Natives remained Nomadic
Maya, Aztec (Mexico), and Inca societies flourished

4. NATIVE AMERICANS IN 1400S
Native American societies in North America were as varied as the geography
The Pueblo (SW) and Iroquois (NE) were two famous tribes
Most of the tribes in America had common religious views, trade patterns & values

5. WEST AFRICAN SOCIETIES OF THE 1400S
Long established, sophisticated societies existed in Western Africa
The Kingdom of Songhai controlled trans-Sahara trade
Kingdom of Benin and Kongo were two famous dynasties
Village and family bonds formed the basis of life

6. EUROPEAN SOCIETIES OF THE 1400S
European villages had a long tradition of social hierarchy – complete with nobles, merchants & peasants
Christianity played a critical role – religious leaders had power
The Reformation in the early 1500s led to a split in the church
Martin Luther

7. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
The countries of Portugal, Spain, France and England explored in the late 1400s for God, Gold, and Glory
Improved mapmaking, better sailboats, compasses, astrolabes, Prince Henry– all led to better exploration

8. European Nations Claim Land
-The “new” land began to be claimed by European countries.
-This process is called colonization, when a more powerful Nation controls another area of the world.
-This meant they could grow crops, bring back resources like silver and gold, and expand their territorial control of the world.

9. IMPACT OF COLUMBUS
On Africans- Before slave trade ended in the 1800s, 10 million Africans taken
On Europeans- Biggest voluntary migration in world history
On Trade- Columbian Exchange meant new goods & products flowed between continents

10. Columbian Exchange
Period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases, and technology. Impacted the social and cultural makeup of both sides.

11. The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Diseases:
Smallpox Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold
Syphilis

12. The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Animals:
Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens
Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs

13. The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Plants:
Rice Wheat Barley Oats Coffee Sugarcane Bananas Melons Olives Dandelions Daisies Clover Ragweed Kentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize) Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties) Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Peppers Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum) Papayas Manioc (Tapioca) Guavas Avocados

14. Columbus Video

15. Homework Using your digital textbook complete the following:
****BE SURE TO WRITE THE QUESTION AND ANSWER IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.
Page 25: Review the Columbian Exchange Infographic and complete questions.
Page 30: Chapter Assessment: Complete the following:
Focus Questions: 6-9
Critical Thinking: 10, 13, and 14

16. Geography
Essential Question: How do colonial regions compare and contrast socially, politically, and economically? (New England, Middle, Southern)

18. Colonies
New England: New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts.
Middle: Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York
Southern: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Maryland

19. EARLY BRITISH COLONIES
Beginning in the early 1600s, the English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America
1607: Jamestown was first to be settled
John Smith led this group of settlers
Colony struggled at first, then was saved by Tobacco crop

20. PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND”
The 16th century Reformation caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants
Pilgrims – (Separatists) 1620
One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans sought to cleanse or “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism
PURITAN and “PILGRIM”

21. New England Colonies

22. MAYFLOWER COMPACT
The compact brought an element of democracy to America and was an example of the practice of self-government in the colonies. It established male, majority rule.

23. THE COLONIES COME OF AGE
New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies and societies
In the South, rural Plantations with a single cash crop were common
Small Southern farmers (Germans, Scots, Irish) and African slaves made up the majority of people
Southern Plantation

24. Southern Colonies

25. Middle Colonies

26. Vocabulary Quakers Mercantilism Puritans Joint-stock Company Pilgrims
Indentured Servants
Cash Crop
Plantation system
Mercantilism
Joint-stock Company
Magna Carta
Mayflower Compact
English Bill of Rights

27. Why did they come? Review
Overpopulation: England was becoming overcrowded so many saw the colonies as a less-crowded land.
Religion: Unhappy with religious practices and rules, people looked to America as a place to plant the seeds of their own version of Christianity.
Economic Incentive: new place, new land, new beginnings, and new opportunities.

28. The House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (Virginia), the first legislative assembly in the American colonies, held its first meeting in the choir at Jamestown Church in the summer of 1619.
Jamestown Church
Burgesses were elected representatives.
Only white men who owned a specific amount of property were eligible to vote for Burgesses.

29. Building the Bay Colony (Mass.)
Who could vote in the town government?
In town government, all property-owning males could vote in town meetings
Since the idea of government was to enforce God’s laws, religious leaders were very influential
Protestant work ethic, limited worldly pleasures, fear of hell

30. Role of Women

31. ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER
Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, more British Colonies were established
By 1752, the English Crown had assumed more & more responsibility for the 13 colonies
Mercantilism & Navigation Acts were two such ways that the English government controlled the colonies
King George III

33. NAVIGATION ACTS
1651- England’s Parliament passed a series of laws known as the Navigation Acts
These laws restricted the colonies shipping & trade
Ships, destinations, crews, goods: All strictly regulated by the English
The colonies were developing a spirit of self-determination. Therefore, they were NOT happy with these restrictions

34. Colonies can export certain products ONLY to England
The Navigation Acts
No country can trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships
All vessels must be operated by crews that were at least ¾ English or colonial
Colonies can export certain products ONLY to England
Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe had to pass through an English port

35. Essential Question: How did freedom of religion develop in the colonies?
Pilgrims and Puritans
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Maryland and Act of Toleration
Religion

36. We want religious freedom
Not only did the Separatist groups, like the Pilgrims, break away from the Church of England, they wanted religious freedom.
We want religious freedom

37. The Great Migration
Catholic King James I was oppressing Puritans in the 1620’s
Puritans feared that their children were losing their way and leave to the New World

38. Roger Williams
Roger Williams believed you should tolerate other people’s beliefs in God.
He left Massachusetts and started a colony, Providence, Rhode Island.

39. Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson was a woman who believed you could go directly to God so you could pray to God without going through a priest.
She moved to Providence with Roger Williams and started the Rhode Island Colony.

41. Influences on Religion
Judaism and Christianity, two religions of the Middle East, provided moral guidance and helped people understand their place in the world. Basically, the beginning of civilization influenced religious practices.

42. Maryland
In 1649, Catholics threw their support behind the Act of Toleration, which was passed by Maryland's assembly
The law guaranteed toleration to all Christians, but decreed death to those who denied divinity of Jesus (Jews, atheists)

43. Religion: Diversity Tolerance?
Henretta, America’s History 5e from

44. American Colonies at the End of the Seventeenth Century
Roark, American Promise 3e from

45. Population: Rapid Growth

46. Population Growth
Martin, America and Its Peoples

47. Population: Ethnic & Racial Diversity
Roark, American Promise 3e from

48. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
Competition in North America led to a war ( ) between old rivals France and England
The French in North America were tradesmen (furs) not long-term inhabitants
Ohio River valley was the site of the conflict
The Colonists supported the British while the Natives supported the French

49. PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763
To avoid further costly conflicts with Native Americans, the British government prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
The Proclamation established a line along the Appalachian that colonists could not cross (They did anyway)