1. The First Half of the Civil War
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2. Warm-up
“No one will win this war. Eventually it will just end.” was a quote from the trenches of World War I. Which vocabulary term BEST FITS this description of warfare?
Habeas Corpus. Put it in a sentence.

3. Critical Thinking
After the election of 1860, in which Abraham Lincoln was elected president, South Carolina seceded from the Union. Ten other states followed its lead, forming the Confederate States of America. President Lincoln decided that he could not allow the country to break apart and that only military force could save the Union. The Civil War began.
What other options did Lincoln have, if any, in his quest to save the nation?

4. Comparison of Union and CSA
Union
CSA
Total population
22,000,000 (71%)
9,000,000 (29%)
Free population
21,567,414
5,500,000
1860 Border state slaves
432,586 NA
1860 Southern slaves
3,500,000
Soldiers
2,200,000 (67%)
1,064,000 (33%)
Railroad miles
21,788 (71%)
8,838 (29%)
Manufactured items
90%
10%
Firearm production
97% 3%
Bales of cotton in 1860
Negligible
4,500,000
Bales of cotton in 1864
300,000
Pre-war U.S. exports
30%
70%

5. Advantages of the North
At the start of the Civil War, each side had different advantages.
The North (Union)
Experienced government (Lincoln proved to be a great leader too)
Established trade links with Europe
23 states (South had 11)
Larger population
80% of the factories
Better transportation

6. Advantages of the South
The South (Confederate)
Outstanding military commanders
Since they were the ones being invaded, they had better knowledge of the land
Stronger will to fight
Robert E. Lee

7. Transparency: Fighting the Civil War

8. Chart: Union and Confederate Resources 1861

9. The North’s (Union) plan
After forming an army, President Lincoln prepared for war.
The North’s plan was called the Anaconda Plan, after the Amazonian snake.
Surround and strangle
Blockade- prevent the South from trading cotton
Control the Mississippi River to cut the South in ½
Lincoln also avoided the slavery issue because some Union states were slave states (Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware)

10. The Southern Strategy The South’s (Confederacy) strategy
Sell a lot of cotton for $
England loves cotton!
To win formal recognition from Britain & France
Draw out the war to make the Union want to give up (war of attrition)

11. The Battle of Bull Run
The North first attempted to quickly capture Richmond, VA the capital of the South.
The two forces met for the 1st time at Bull Run (Manassas) in July, 1861.
The battle was so close to D.C., many citizens came out to watch.

12. The Battle of Bull Run
After an early Union push, part of the Confederate line held.
It was commanded by a fierce, religious zealot named Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
Confederate reinforcements arrived and swept the Union forces off the field.
It was the first big battle of the Civil War
The South wins = longer war

13. The Battle Begins Out West
Out West, the Union went on the offensive.
Led by General Ulysses S. Grant, they invaded TN, taking two key forts.
The Confederacy retreated out of TN and Grant pursued them toward MS.

14. Shiloh The two armies met at Shiloh, TN in April, 1862.
After two days of battle, Grant’s army won a costly victory (25,000 die).
About the same time, New Orleans fell, almost splitting the Confederacy in two.
Union Troops under General Ulysses S. Grant Recapturing Artillery during the Battle of Shiloh

15. Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence
NOTE TAKING

16. Antietam
Back East, Lincoln put a professional soldier named George McClellan in charge of the Army of Potomac.
After one failed attempt by McClellan to take Richmond from the sea, Robert E. Lee decided to take the War to the North.
He invaded Maryland and the Union met the Confederacy at Antietam Creek, near Sharpsburg (Sept. 1862).

17. Antietam
The battle was really a draw, but the Union had a chance to defeat Lee, and McClellan let it slip away.
As a result, Lincoln fires McClellan
It was the bloodiest day in U.S. history. More than 23,000 lay dead or wounded.
After the battle, Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves in the rebelling southern states.

18. Warm-up
How does the true purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation differ from the common belief about the Proclamation?

19. Casualties at Antietam
CHART
Antietam Video Clip

20. Fredericksburg
Lincoln chose Ambrose Burnside to replace McClellan and he pursued Lee fiercely back into Virginia.
During December, Lee held a strong position near Fredericksburg, VA (Dec 1862).
Burnside was determined to attack.
The Union soldiers bravely charged the Confederate position, but were sent back with heavy losses time and time again.
Lincoln fired Burnside.
Ambrose Burnside

21. Tragedy for the South
Lincoln replaced Burnside with “Fighting” Joe Hooker.
Outnumbered two-to-one, Lee brilliantly defeated Hooker at the battle of Chancellorsville, VA (May, 1863).
But at the battle, a tragedy occurred for the South.
Stonewall Jackson was accidentally killed by his own men.
Lee decided that, once again, the time was right for another invasion of the North, so he headed through Maryland and into Pennsylvania…
“Fighting” Joe Hooker