1. THE CHALLENGE OF CHANGE

2. THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND CHANGE
There are different ways – or disciplines – that help us understand and explain social change
These are all called “SOCIAL SCIENCES”
Anthropology
Sociology
Psychology
History
Economics
Political Science
Geography

3. ANTHROPOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY
The study of the human species and its origins and the development of its language and culture
PSYCHOLOGY
The study of the human mind, behaviours, emotions, cognitive processes and personality
SOCIOLOGY
The study of society and social behaviour

4. FORMULATING QUESTIONS
With a partner, formulate THREE study questions on the topic of
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR
… for each discipline

5. ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Examines past and present cultures in order to understand social change
Studies how change comes about in cultural groups
EXAMPLES:
Diffusion:
The spread of a cultural trait from one society to another through social contact
Acculturation:
Contact, exposure and exchange of ideas between different cultures resulting in changes and adaptations in both groups

6. ANTHROPOLOGY, cont’d SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT Cultural Materialism
Physical materials, conditions, and economic activity determine how ideas develop in a culture
Functionalism
Problems in a society arise the physical and psychological needs of the majority of its members are attempted to be met

7. PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Social change is the result of the transformation of one’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviours, and the effects of these transformations on society
SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT:
Learning Theory
Learning alters the way one interprets the world which leads to permanent behaviour changes
Psychoanalytic Theory
Behaviour is produced by the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind
Frustration is caused by the inability to balance these two parts

8. SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Sociologists study interactions and conflicts within groups
All societies are governed by norms
SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT
Structural Functionalism
Society’s inherent function is to provide stability and balance through institutions
Marxism
Economic power and material wealth creates competition, which propels change in society
Feminism
Inequalities exist in society stemming from a value system in society that favours men and excludes women