1. Research questions Overarching question:
How is Yeeyan a community of practice? (Where)
Sub-questions:
How is collaborative translation a meaning negotiation experience? (For whom)
How are regimes of competence developed through the collaborative translation process in Yeeyan? (By whom)
How does a socially defined competence form a shared history of learning? (Why)

2. Methodology: An ethnographic study
A qualitative study using an ethnographic methodology premised on an interpretive hermeneutic epistemological stance.
Seeks to understand people and their actions;
Recognizes the intertwinement of objective and subjective meanings;
Locates me as a researcher, an observer and a participant in the real collaborative translation world;
Provides me with both emic and etic perspectives.
researcher
participant
observer
How the knowledge is and can be obtained and what I have done and how.
Has its roots in social and cultural anthropology;
I do not intend to make generalizations of universal laws. Ethnography is used as a methodology premised on a post-postpositivist epistemology.

3. Methodology: An ethnographic study
-graphy
Participant observation
Discourse analysis
Ethnographic narratives
Fieldnote writing
Interactive interviews
Ethnography (ethno- + -graphy)
a process and a product
Methods used in this research

4. Participant observation in Yeeyan
Explain chapters here.
Ethnography

5. Ethnography study: A cyclical and recursive inductive reasoning process
Asking ethnographic questions
Collecting ethnographic data & making ethnographic record
Selecting a theory
Analyzing ethnographic data
Writing an ethnography
Rethinking theories & generating new concepts
Initiating an ethnographic project
Analyzing ethnographic data
Rethinking theories

6. Theoretical framework and findings
Theoretical framework draws on:
Wenger’s social learning theory of Communities of Practice (CoP theory)
Yeeyan is a CoP,
which is a group of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do
and learn how to do it better
as they interact regularly.
and in which UGCCT is practiced.
(based on Wenger 2015[2006]:1).
CoP theory: a social learning theory that examines human experience as meaning negotiation and locates identity constitution in a social world.
CoP: “groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly” (Wenger 2015[2006]:1).
UGCCT: a dynamic social activity in which translators regularly interact with each other and through which they negotiate meanings in the process of translating and collaborating.

8. Findings Overarching Q: How is Yeeyan a community of practice?
Q1: How is UGCCT a meaning negotiation process?
Mutual recognition;
Shared repertoire;
Joint enterprise.
Q2: How are regimes of competence developed and negotiated throughout the process of UGCCT in Yeeyan?
Q3: How does a socially defined competence form a shared history of learning?

9. Conclusions Overarching Q: How is Yeeyan a community of practice?
Yeeyan: an online CoP where a group of translators interact with each other regularly for the shared practice they are passionate about and for the shared enterprise they care for. During this process, they learn how to do things better as they constantly negotiate a competent membership.
UGCCT in Yeeyan: an experience of meaning negotiation in online communities of practice.

10. Contributions 1. Methodological contributions Holism Depth
2. Theoretical contributions
Systematic use of CoP theory to conceptualize and analyze both translation communities and practice.
Online communities & communities of practice + discourse communities.
A modified theoretical framework in studying similar social phenomena.
Mention ‘partial truths’ orally when ‘depth’ is discussed.
Holism: a holistic picture of the process of collaborative translation, UGCCT.
Inductive reasoning process: new findings challenge the received wisdom.
Methodology in a TS
1. Methodological contributions
UGCCT as a social practice in a natural setting.
A holistic view of UGCCT practice and the participants (multiple methods + data holism).
Depth: in-depth understanding of the Yeeyan community; the practice and the social actors.
Serendipitous findings challenge the received wisdom.

12. Limitations & future research
In TS
Translation quality
Translators’ identities
Yeeyan’s pedagogical implications for translator education
Interdisciplinary implications
Identity management
Yeeyan as a participatory platform (Communication and Media Studies)
Human behaviour and Chinese Internet culture (Anthropology and Sociology)
China’s Internet policies (Politics)
Chinese Internet language (Linguistics)
Online CoPs’ Knowledge management (Information Systems; Management, etc.)

13. How do they collaborate, i.e. the process of UGCCT in Yeeyan?
Selecting
an ST
Recruiting collaborators
Trial translation
Revising; editing; proofreading.
As comments in the broad Yeeyan CoP
Translating in parallel or in rotation
Receiving comments
As Tiaocuo 挑错 at a semi-backstage
Publishing in the Yeeyan CoP
Revising & editing

14. Who they are Name Occupation Yeeyan history (in days)
Role(s) in Yeeyan
Yeeyan award
Wayne
PhD researcher in immunology
994
Member
Historical medal 1
Carmen
Civil servant
2943
N/A
El Dor
Regulatory affairs professional
867
Xuan
Full-time translator
541
Arrow
Freelance translator; UN translator
2510
Translation senator
Historical medal 4;
Excellent Translator of 2014
Maria
572
Sandra
Executive officer at a science museum
920
Brian
Editor
1815
Yeeyan editor and site manager
Historical medal 4
Larry
Undergraduate student in English
369
Mike
Graduate student in neurology
823
Lisa
Executive officer in a foreign trade cooperation
133
Alex
918
Former Yeeyan editor and site manager, translation senator
Iris
Undergraduate student in clinical medicine
263
Ben
Graduate student in physics
1870
Historical medal 4, Translation Senator, Excellent Translator of 2014
Sophie
Graduate student in Translation
512
Humphrey
Professor in Information Systems
Non-Yeeyan member

15. Mutual recognition

18. Novice/new member; translator T3
Participant
Task
Roles
Carah T1
Novice/new member; translator; administrator; proofreader; copyeditor; TT publisher T2
Novice/new member; translator T3
Novice/new member; translator; proofreader T4
Experienced member; translator T5
Experienced member; project initiator and manager; copyeditor; TT publisher T6
Experienced member; co-project initiator and manager; proofreader; copyeditor;
TT publisher
Carmen
Novice member; translator
Sophie
Project manager; translator; copyeditor
Iris
Experienced member; translator; subject expert; proofreader; copyeditor
Brian
Yeeyan editor; project initiator and manager; TT publisher
Alex
T4, T5 and T6
Former Yeeyan editor; project manager; translator; proofreader; copyeditor
Wayne
Experienced member; project initiator and manager; subject expert; translator; proofreader; copyeditor
Buzhizhi
Experienced member; project initiator and manager; translator; copyeditor
Mike
Translator; proofreader; copyeditor
Zoe
Novice member; subject expert
Pan
Novice member; translator; proofreader; copyeditor
Lisa