1. Causes of the Civil War
SS8H6 The students will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. A. Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War, include slavery, states rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and the Georgia Platform.

2. Regional differences start to show
As the country expands the regional difference intensify, and begin to manifest politically, economically, socially and culturally
Major factors include:
States’ Rights: Tariffs & Nullification
Slavery
Sectionalism: Economics, Education, Culture

3. Cotton fields vs. Factories

4. Differences North South States’ Rights
Believed in Strong Federal(National) Government
Believed states had the right to rule themselves and could overrule federal laws
Slavery
Most were free states
Favored slavery and the spread of it into western territories
Tariffs
Favored high tariffs on imports from other countries to keep their northern product cheaper in order to outsell foreign goods
Favored low tariffs because they traded so much with other countries
Economic Base
Factories, mining, banks, railroads, farms that produced food crop
Agricultural farming of cash crops such as tobacco, cotton, and rice, these crops were exported overseas and to northern factories
Education
Private schools, church schools, some public schools opened to boys and girls, Private Universities
Some state chartered Universities such as UGA, some private tutors for the upper class, little or no formal education systems
Culture
Many large cities with social gatherings such as opera, lectures, theaters and museums
The only large cities were Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and Augusta
Socials events centered around farm events, hunting outing and seasonal parties

5. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

6. The Government tries to keep the Peace
As these issue present themselves politically, Congress steps in to try to pacify each side
Three major Compromises are passed
Missouri Compromise of 1820
The Compromise of 1850
The Kansas Nebraska Act-1854

7. Missouri Compromise (1820)
In 1819 the U.S. had 22 states, 11 were free and 11 were slave states
Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state
After a great deal of debate Congress decided
1. Maine would be admitted as a free state
2. Missouri as a slave state
3. Prohibited slavery above the 36° 30’ latitude line

8. DIVIDING LINES 36 30’ Parallel – Mason Dixon Line –
West of the Mississippi River
Mason Dixon Line –
East of Mississippi River

9. Compromise of 1850
California now had enough population to apply for statehood as a free state
Gold rush of 1849 increased the population
New debates in Congress because - there were 15 free and 15 slave states in the U.S.
To keep the balance in the Senate, Congress finally decided to compromise:
CA came in as a Free State
Slave trade ended in the District of Columbia but residents could keep their slaves
Texas could not annex (add) New Mexico thereby keeping it free of slavery
Fugitive Slave Act passed requiring runaway slaves to be returned to owners

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854 These two new territories are created
“Popular Sovereignty” is passed to let their voters decide on the issue of slavery when they apply for statehood
This angered Northerners because this law changed the Missouri Compromise boundary of 36°30’
Kansas – Nebraska Territory was NORTH of the 36°30’
Republican Party (with different ideologies than today) is created in opposition of this act and moves across the northern states – this becomes the party of A. Lincoln
Violence sweeps the territory as both sides of the issue fight for their dominance – “Bleeding Kansas”
Kansas not admitted. Nebraska voted in as free state.

11. Tariffs & Nullification
Tariff of 1828
“Tariff of Abomination”- designed to protect northern and western agricultural products
Raised the cost of living in the South and cut N.E. profits
The South is angered, but only SC threatens to ignore the law;
VP John C. Calhoun (from SC) writes the anonymous South Carolina Exposition and Protest – doctrine of nullification
Tariff of (passed as a compromise)
South still angered, but only SC attempts to nullify the law; Pres. Jackson threatens to use the military to enforce it; SC agrees to compromise in 1833.
Anger in the South continues towards federal government; tensions continue though constitutional crisis averted

12. Fundamental Cause:
Causes that have been brewing for many years which further divide the country:
Sectionalism
Slavery
States’ Rights
Nullification
Tariffs
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Law
Popular Sovereignty