1. NCGE 2016 Cindy Bloom Marty Mater
climate
NCGE 2016
Cindy Bloom
Marty Mater
Michigan Geographic Alliance

2. climate
Factors of Climates
Around the World

3. climate Objectives for the teachers: Review 5 factors of climate
Investigate student activities to teach students the factors of climate
Use materials to meet student objectives

4. climate Objectives for students: (the student will)
Describe 5 factors of climate
Identify factors that might affect the climate by looking at locations on a map.
Explain how climate factors influence a particular location

5. National Geography Standards:
Physical Systems
7. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth’s surface
Michigan Content Expectations
High School
Geography: an Integrative, Disciplined Study
A spatial perspective enables an individual to visualize, comprehend, and ask questions about why the human and physical systems occur in particular patterns and combinations, where they are on Earth’s surface, why they are there, and what are the consequences for people and the environment?

6. Michigan Content Expectations
Grade 6
6 – G2.1.3 Describe the characteristics of major world climates
6 – G3.1.2 Explain the factors which cause different types of climates (e.g., latitude, elevation, marine and continental locations, and rain shadow effect).
Grade 7
7 – W1.2.2 Explain the importance of the natural environment in the development of agricultural settlements in different locations
7 – W2.1.6 Describe pastoralism and explain how the climate and geography of Central Asia were linked to the rise of pastoral societies on the steppes.
7 – W3.1.2 Using historic and modern maps, locate three major empires of this era, describe their geographic characteristics including physical features and climates, and propose a generalization about the relationship between geographic characteristics and the development of early empires. (G)

7. Factors of Climate
What might influence the climate of a specific place?

8. Factors of Climate LATITUDE CONTINENTALITY ELEVATION
Most climates will have some combination of these factors.
CONTINENTALITY
ELEVATION
MOUNTAIN BARRIERS/OROGRAPHIC EFFECT
PREVAILING WINDS

9. LATITUDE - temperature
This is a major control on temperature.
Low Latitude
(Tropical) climates are hot
High Latitude (Polar)
climates are cold
Mid-latitude climates can be frosty
or cold and snowy

10. (Tropical) climates are hot
LATITUDE
Low Latitude
(Tropical) climates are hot
EXAMPLES?

11. Some mid-latitude climates have frost in the winter but no hard freeze
EXAMPLES?
Coastal Climates

12. Some mid-latitude climates have at least one month below freezing.
EXAMPLES?
Continental Climates

13. LATITUDE
High Latitude (Polar)
climates are cold
EXAMPLES?

14. December January February
LATITUDE
December January February
????
Latitude
DJF (°F)
JJA (°F)
Verkhoyansk, a town in Siberia
67°N
-49 55
Irkutzk, on the shore of Lake Baikal
52°N -1 61
Beijing, the capital of China
39°N 27 77
Shanghai, a large city in China
31°N 40 80
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh
23°N 67 83
Bangkok, the capital of Thailand
14°N
Singapore, an independent city-state
1°N 81
Darwin, on north coast of Australia
12°S 78
Sydney, on east coast of Australia
33°S 71 54
Wellington, a city in New Zealand
41°S 62 48
McMurdo, research lab in Antarctica
78°S 25
-12
What generalization
can you make
from the data
in this table?
How is
the data arranged?

15. LATITUDE - precipitation
Most deserts are found on the 30° latitude line north and south of the equator. This is because dry air descends and becomes warmer. The two colors on the map represent warm (red) and cold (pink) arid climates.
Precipitation in other arid climates have different causes.
EXAMPLES?

16. As latitude ______, the average annual temperature _________
LATITUDE - temperature
As latitude ______, the average annual temperature _________
increases
decreases
LATITUDE - precipitation
One cause for arid areas is the dry air which falls about ____ north or south of the equator.
30°

17. CONTINENTALITY-temperature
Temperatures in the interior
of a large land mass
will change more with the seasons
than the temperatures
along the coast.
Temperatures may be moderated
by the ocean
EXAMPLES?

18. Describe the pattern of temperature range
CONTINENTALITY-temperature
Temp. range°F 52 64 93 58 29 59 67
Same Latitude
Dry land
heats and cools
much faster than water.
Describe the pattern of temperature range
from west to east.

19. CONTINENTALITY- temperature29 52 64 59 93 67 58
As you go inland from a coast, temperature range tends to _____________ because
_____________________________________
Increase Decrease
increase
There is less humidity in the air toward the center of the continent

20. Precipitation in the interior will decrease farther inland.
CONTINENTALITY- precipitation
Precipitation in the interior
of a large land mass
will decrease farther inland.
EXAMPLES?

21. CONTINENTALITY- precipitation
28.8 inches
16 inches
What is the difference in the amount of precipitation between Viborg and Krasnoyarsk?
Why?
Viborg -closer to coast; Karsnoyarsk–mid continent

22. CONTINENTALITY
Water _________ the temperature. This causes ______ summers and ______winters.
Continentality can __________ inland precipitation.
moderates
cooler
warmer
decrease
increase/decrease

23. ELEVATION
Generally, the higher the elevation, the cooler the temperature.
Air expands as it rises
Expanding air gets cooler
As a general rule, temperature goes down 3-5° F when you go up a thousand feet.

24. Generally, the higher the elevation, the cooler the temperature.
EXAMPLES?

25. Average Temperature in Fahrenheit
ELEVATION
Capital
Country
Elevation in feet
Average Temperature in Fahrenheit
January July
La Paz
Bolivia
12000 49 42
Quito
Ecuador
9400 58
Bogota
Colombia
8600 57
Brasilia
Brazil
3500 74 71
Caracas
Venezuela
3400 68
Santiago
Chile
1800 69
Lima
Peru
500 62
Asuncion
Paraguay
400 83 64
Montevideo
Uruguay 70 73 51
Buenos Aires
Argentina 60 76 52
Cayenne
Suriname 20 79 81
Paramaribo
French Guiana 10 80
Georgetown
Guyana 5
In a country close to the Equator, locating the capital in the mountains is advantageous because …..

26. Average Temperature in Fahrenheit
ELEVATION
Capital
Country
Elevation in feet
Average Temperature in Fahrenheit
January July
La Paz
Bolivia
12000 49 42
Quito
Ecuador
9400 58
Bogota
Colombia
8600 57
Brasilia
Brazil
3500 74 71
Caracas
Venezuela
3400 68
Santiago
Chile
1800 69
Lima
Peru
500 62
Asuncion
Paraguay
400 83 64
Montevideo
Uruguay 70 73 51
Buenos Aires
Argentina 60 76 52
Cayenne
Suriname 20 79 81
Paramaribo
French Guiana 10 80
Georgetown
Guyana 5
In the cities of Cayenne, Paramaribo and Georgetown, which of these two factors affect climate more – elevation or latitude? Defend your answer.

27. ELEVATION As elevation___________,
the average annual temperature ________________
increases
decreases

28. MOUNTAIN BARRIERS
(orographic
effect)
This is not so much about mountains as their “rain shadow” effect on the areas down wind from the mountains.

29. MOUNTAIN BARRIERS Since all of the moisture is dropped in
the windward side of the mountain range there is a dry zone on the leeward side 
that can extend for hundreds of miles.
EXAMPLES?

30. MOUNTAIN BARRIERS
Rain shadow Effect 2 minute geology
What direction do you think the wind is coming from? Why?
Describe the windward side of the mountains.

31. MOUNTAIN BARRIERS Windward Side: Leeward Side: Moist, green
Dry, less vegetation

32. resulting in coastal climates.
PREVAILING WINDS
Wind blowing across
a large body of water onto land will moderate the temperature of the land
resulting in coastal climates.
EXAMPLES?
Westerlies
Polar Easterlies
Easterlies

33. PREVAILING WINDS
Polar Easterlies
Westerlies
Easterlies
Easterlies
Westerlies
Polar Easterlies
How would you describe the wind patterns relative to latitude?

34. World Climate Zones
How have the westerlies affected the climate of Europe? Compare the climate of Europe with the same latitude on the eastern part of N. America.

35. WIND CURRENTS
How might the wind direction affect the east and west coasts of southern Africa?

36. PREVAILING WINDS
The Westerlies blowing across the ocean will moderate the climate on the ____________ side of the land.
This will make the interior of the continent have a__________ range
of temperature and precipitation.
west
higher
higher/lower

37. that teach aspects of climate.
Many activities in the Big Ideas resource include information and tasks
that teach aspects of climate.
Here are a few places you can find them:
Here are three
Big Idea activities
that illustrate
at least one
factor of climate
Australia
Africa
Russia
China
South America

38. Regions in North America

39. Elevation in South America

40. Area in Russia

41. Using the maps, choose which of these factors may affect the climate
Factors of Climate
APPLICATION
LATITUDE
Using the maps, choose which of these factors may affect the climate
of each location.
CONTINENTALITY
ELEVATION
MOUNTAIN BARRIERS
PREVAILING WINDS

42. 1. Find your location on the map.
2. Using prior knowledge and the following map, identify the factors of climate that might affect this location.
3. Explain a possible effect of the climate factors on the location.

44. that teach aspects of climate.
Many activities in the Big Ideas resource include information and tasks
that teach aspects of climate.
Here are a few of them:
Generalizations about Temperature in the WH (Australia)
Climate in Africa - seasonal movement of the Equatorial Rainy Belt (Africa)
Climagraphs along a Geographic Transition (Africa)
Graphing a Geographic Transition (Africa)
Generalizations about Temperature in the Eastern Hemisphere (Russia)
Comparing Environments in China and the United States (China)
The Effect of Land Size on Temperature Range (Russia)
Elevation and Capital Location (South America)

45. CLAP FOR CLIMATE!
THANK YOU!