1. Refresher Course Organized by: Gender Analysis Frameworks (GAF)
26-27TH December, 2016
Pamela Singla
Professor
Department of Social Work
University of Delhi
Refresher Course in Women and Child Development
Organized by:
Women Studies Centre and HRD Centre
University of Kashmir

2. Gender Analysis Is a tool for framing better, more effective policies
Men-women different roles, access to resources, control over resources.
Understood before initiating any new development project.
Projects can have unintended outcomes if gender roles and relationships in the society are not carefully analyzed.

3. So how does one go about doing a Gender Analysis---
Through Gender Analysis Frameworks

4. The factors which need to be examined are:
Gender analysis is:
Organized approach for examining factors related to gender in the entire process of program development i.e. from conceptualization to needs assessment to design, implementation and evaluation.
The factors which need to be examined are:
Not done, the project may have unintended outcome
Decision making power
Different activities of men and women
Access to and control of resources and benefits

5. Commonly referred Gender Analysis Frameworks (5)
The Harvard Analytical Framework (Gender Roles Framework)
The Moser Gender Planning Framework
The Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM)
The Women’s Empowerment Framework (WEF)
The Social Relations Approach

6. Important to know that:
No single framework addresses all development problems.
Each model was developed at a particular point in time.
Consultatnts could use one model or combination of models/ methods depending on the situation in hand.

7. The Harvard Analytical Framework (Gender Roles Framework)
Harvard Institute of International Development , HIID
Efficiency Approach
Adequate data collection at the Individual and Household level; agricultural and rural sector
Data is collected on activities of men and women
Identified as either reproductive or productive type
Access to and control over resources and income
Data is collected in 3 components—activity profile; access and control profile; influencing factors
Makes M-W work visible

8. Example of Harvard Tool 1: Activity profile
Activities
Women/Girls
Men/ Boys
Productive Activities
Agriculture:
activity 1
activity 2, etc.
: :
Income generating: activity 1 ;activity 2, etc.
Employment: activity 1
Other:
Reproductive Activities
Water related: activity 1 activity 2, etc.
Fuel related
Food preparation
Childcare: Health related: Cleaning and repair: Market related: Other:

9. Example of Harvard Tool 2: Access and control profile
Men Women
Control
Resources:
Land Equipment
Labour
Cash
Education/training, etc. Other
Benefits:
Outside income
Asset ownership
Basic needs (food, clothing, shelter etc)
Education
Political power/prestige Other

10. Constraints Opportunities
Example of Harvard Tool 3: Influencing factors
Influencing Factors
Constraints
Opportunities
Community norms and social hierarchy
Demographic factors
Institutional structures
Economic factors ‘
Political factors
Legal parameters
Training
Attitude of community to development workers

11. Case study of Harvard Analytical Framework: Indonesia community Forestry Project

12. Moser Gender PlanningFramework Caroline Moser
At the heart of the Moser Framework are three concepts:
Moser Tool 1:Women’s triple role
Moser Tool 2: Gender Needs Assessment (Practical and Strategic)
Moser Tool 3: Disaggregating control of resources and decision making within the household

13. Marketing of rattan products Specific training Paid work
Example of Moser Tool 2: Gender needs Assessment
Women’s PGN
Women’s SGN
Access to seedlings
Firewood
Improved ovens
Marketing of rattan products
Specific training
Paid work
Collective organizations
Right to speak out
Skills in leadership and leadership positions in the project and community
education

14. Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM) Rani Parker (1990s)
GAM Tool 1--GAM involves four levels of society
The 4 categories appearing vertically on the matrix are- women, men, household, community
GAM Tool 2- GAM looks at the imapct on 4 areas—labour, Time, Resources, Socio-cultural factors

15. Using The GAM Labour Time Resources Culture Women Men Household
Community

16. Using GAM: Ouled Hamouda, Western Tunisia
Labour
Time
Resources
Culture
Women
+Don’t need to carry big cans of water
+ No fear about personal security
+ Saves Time
+ Have more time with children
-Must pay for water
+ Can have home garden or other small projects
-responsibility of paying for water
+opportunity to participate in community project
Men
_ lot of work
+learn new skills for work outside the community
-takes a lot of time to dig, build.
+ can stay home with family while working
+portable water is available
+improved nutrition
+don’t have to worry about family when away
Household
+women feel secure when fetching water
+can leave children at home
+new activity for entire family
+ women can give more time to child care
+easy access to potable water
+Improved nutrition n better health
+ new activity for children
+ help mother
Community
+Committee + learn abt services by govt
_less free time
_many commy meetings to attend
+more potable water available
+clean environment
+prestige 4 comy

17. Changes in OH following the project
Potable water
Some existing gender relations reinforced-handling money; repairs
Changing d traditional gender dol –men, children started fetching water
Systems within community developed-for collecting charges for water use
New water source provided greater personal security for women. Children left at home-proximity of well
Men spent more time at home during project construction phase and later marketed their skills

18. Women’s Empowerment Framework by Sarah Longwe

19. Increased Empowerment
Levels of Equality
Control
Increased Equality
Increased Empowerment
Participation
Conscientisation
Access
Welfare

20. Example of Women's Empowerment Framework Tools 1 and 2
Level of Equality Level of Recognition
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Control
Participation
Conscientisation
Access
Welfare

21. Using Women's Empowerment Framework Tools 1 and 2
Sector
Project
Level of Equality
Level of Recognition of Women's Issues
Welfare
Access
Conscien tisation
Particip ation
Control
Agriculture
Education & Training
Political Participation No
Yes
Positive
Commerce & Industry
Greenhouse

22. Thank you