1. The Impacts of the Tourist Industry
L.O - To understand the positive and negative impacts of tourism, including social, economic and environmental impacts

2. To Start
Look at the sheet and identify at least 1 positive and 1 negative impact of tourism for each of the following categories
Social
Economic
Environmental

3. Social Impacts of Tourism
This means how tourism impacts on local communities
Some of these are direct (immediate impact) and others are indirect (take time to be noticed)

4. Social Impacts - Zanzibar
Tourism can change the culture of places
Zanzibar (an island off the east coast of Africa) is a Muslim country
Most tourists are from western countries who have different moral codes and culture (for example they do not cover their shoulders)
This insults the local community (a direct problem)
An indirect problem is also that the local start to change the way they dress and become more western thus losing their cultural identity

5. Social Impacts - Dubai
Many westerners now travel to Dubai for business conferences
Dubai is an Arab country with many cultural differences such as being fully clothed in public at all times and not allowing men and women to have public physical contact
There is also no alcohol on sale outside international hotels
This has caused some issue for business travellers who have to maintain the moral code of Dubai

6. Social Impacts – Yorkshire Dales
The impact of second homes is another social effect
In % of house in Malham (a small village) were holiday or second homes
Many of these are only lived in for part of the year and the people who own them often don’t use local services as they live elsewhere for most of the year
This has caused the local shop to close for half the week and fewer children to go to primary school in the village
However, a positive impact is that the bus service to Skipton ( a local town) is more frequent as tourists use it in summer

7. Social Impacts – Seasonal Employment
In Malham there are a number of businesses (e.g. The Cove Centre) which are only open in summer so only employ people for a few weeks
This is also the case in Cyprus when hotels are only 30% full in winter meaning that many workers lose their jobs at the end of summer
This means that workers don’t have a steady income and struggle to live well during the winter
However, a positive is that there are more bus services in summer from Larnaca to the resort in Ayia Napa that locals as well as tourists can use

8. Social Impacts – The Maldives
These islands have been developed as enclave resorts in order to minimise the social impacts of tourism
The tourists only mix with locals who work on the resorts as the majority of locals live on the ‘home islands’
This is a direct positive impact as there are no cultural conflicts
An indirect positive impact is that money generated by tourism has been used to improve education and services for locals as well as funding new sea defences to protect against rising sea levels

9. Economic Impacts – the effects that tourism has on the money available in that country at a local and national scale

10. Economic Impacts – Direct Benefits
In Machu Pichu, Peru the area is a World Heritage Site and generates $40million a year for the government
In Zanzibar $220million comes into the country each year which has a positive impact on GDP
In Cyprus 20% of total GDP is directly provided by tourism (accommodation and food/drink)

11. Economic Impacts – Indirect Benefits
The amount of money spent in a country is doubled when you consider the MULTIPLIER EFFECT (how tourism affects other industries)
For example $500 spent at a hotel is then re-spent by the hotel to purchase food from local farmers or to clean bed linen
Therefore, the $500 has an indirect impact as the farmers then use the $500 they get to buy new supplies
This money continues to move around until it is lost through leakage (importing things from other countries)

12. Employment Impacts
In LICs jobs available in the tourist industry may be better paid than other jobs (especially farming)
This may lead to a lack of young people working in farming as they are attracted to the tertiary jobs in tourism. This could affect the future of farming communities
In the Maldives the jobs available to the local community are often menial and low paid whereas the better paid managerial jobs go to people from outside the country

13. Environmental Impacts - Negatives
The enclave resorts on the Maldives have caused problems for surrounding coral reefs
There has been a decrease in fish numbers and species because of the tourists swimming too close and the disposal of sewage from tourist resorts
However, the government insists that new resorts are all built with eco friendly sewage disposal and that tourists are made aware of environmental issues

14. Environmental Impacts - Positives
At Lulworth Cove in Dorset the environmental impacts have been minimised through the use of tourist money
People pay to park their cars there and the money has been used to build a heritage centre to educate visitors about the area
The council have also used money to improve signage and to re-lay footpath that had become worn away through erosion

15. Environmental Impacts - Positives
Some tourist destinations have created protected areas for certain species which were threatened by the negative effects of tourism
In Cyprus Lara Beach has been protected for turtles to lay their eggs
This protects the future of the species
In Zanzibar, Stone Town has been designated a World Heritage Site due to the numbers of tourists visiting
This means it has protection from over development and has had money invested to improve the quality of the environment and traditional buildings

16. Attitudes to Tourism
What would the following people think about tourism in their area
Resort Owner in the Maldives
Hotel Worker in the Maldives
Malham shop owner
Dubai businessman
Lulworth Heritage Centre Manager
Peruvian government official

17. Homework
Complete the colour coded activity classifying the effects of the growth of tourism
It is based on the growth of tourism in Kenya