1. New infinitives & how to use them in indirect statement!

2. To review: PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVES – 2ND PRINCIPAL PARTS
HOW TO MAKE THEM PASSIVE:
FOR 1ST, 2ND, & 4TH
TAKE OFF THE –E & CHANGE TO –I
HABĒRE >>> HABĒRI
PUNIRE >>> PUNĪRI
FOR 3RD & 3RD IO
TAKE OFF –ERE & CHANGE TO –I
MITTERE>>> MITTI
CAPERE >>> CAPI
TO BE _______________ ED

3. NEW INFINTIVES! THE PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE TO HAVE ______________ED
GO TO 3RD PRINCIPAL PART & FIND PERFECT STEM
MITTERE > MīSī> MĪS-
TO THAT STEM, ADD –ISSE
MīSISSE – TO HAVE SENT
TO HAVE ______________ED
As a complementary infinitive, it works well with debeō, debēre:
Debeō donum mīsisse sed nōn id mīsī.
I ought to have sent a gift, but I did not send it.

4. PERFECT PASSIVE INFINITIVE
GO TO 4TH PRINICIPAL PART
YOU ARE GOING TO MAKE A 2 WORD VERB FORM!
USE THE PARTICIPLE IN THE NEUTER + ESSE (IF JUST INFINITIVE)
MISSUM ESSE – TO HAVE BEEN SENT
AMATUM ESSE - TO HAVE BEEN LOVED
TO HAVE BEEN __________________ ED
Why should the participle be neuter? Because infinitive if you are using them as “to ___” are considered neuter.

5. Future Active infinitive
GO TO 4TH PRINICIPAL PART.
CREATE THE FUTURE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE BY PUTTING –UR- BEFORE THE –US ENDING (OR –A OR –UM, ETC.):
AMATUS – AMATŪRUS
MISSUS – MISSŪRUS
TO THIS PARTICIPLE, CREATE 2 WORD VERB WITH ESSE:
AMĀTŪRUM ESSE – TO BE GOING TO LOVE
MISSŪRUM ESSE – TO BE GOING TO SEND
TO BE GOING TO _____________
IT IS EXTREMELY RARE TO USE THIS INFINITIVE OUTSIDE OF INDIRECT STATEMENT!

6. SYNOPSIS OF ALL THE INFINTIVES USING MITTERE:
TENSE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
PRESENT
MITTERE
TO SEND
MITTI
TO BE SENT
PERFECT
MISISSE
TO HAVE SENT
MISSUM ESSE
TO HAVE BEEN SENT
FUTURE
MISSURUM ESSE
TO BE GOING TO SEND
WILL NOT LEARN UNTIL ADVANCED LATIN STUDIES

7. REVIEW – INDIRECT STATEMENT:
Indirect statement – the basic formula Above the neck verb + accusative subject + infinitive Poeta putat puellam in Romā habitāre. The poet thinks that the girl lives in Rome.
But now we have to learn a little more about how to translate indirect statement.

8. So far, indirect statement has been fairly easy. Why
So far, indirect statement has been fairly easy. Why? Because we have only used present tense ABOVE THE NECK and a present tense infinitive.
Poeta putat puellam in Romā habitāre. The poet thinks that the girl lives in Rome.

9. We have seen something like this a couple of times in the translation:
Senex putāvit puellam in Romā habitāre. The old man thought that the girl lived in Rome. How is this different? Putāvit is perfect tense and it forces the infinitive to translate in the past tense as well!

10. There is a rule for why this happens in Latin:
The INFINITIVES used in the indirect statement represent TIME in respect to the main verb!
You already know that they don’t translate like real infinitives. Now that we know PERFECT infinitives and the FUTURE infinitive, we can express this time relationship!

11. So here is how it works:
Main verb + accusative subject
Present infinitive = SAME TIME as main verbs Perfect infinitive = TIME BEFORE main verb Future infinitive = TIME AFTER main verb

12. Now key in a main verb, let’s start with present tense:
Present infinitive = SAME TIME as main verbs Perfect infinitive = TIME BEFORE main verb Future infinitive = TIME AFTER main verb
Vir putat puellam
The man thinks that the girl…

13. I put in all my infinitives that I could use:
Vir putat puellam
The man thinks that the girl…
habitare habitavisse habitaturam esse

14. What do they mean?
habitare (same time) lives habitavisse (time before) lived habitaturam esse (time after) will live
Vir putat puellam
The man thinks that the girl…

15. So the infinitives must be:
Main verb – present
habitare (same time) lives habitavisse (time before) lived habitaturam esse (time after) will live
Vir putat puellam
The man thinks that the girl…

16. habitare (same time) lives habitavisse (time before) lived habitaturam esse (time after) will live
Vir putat puellam
The man thinks that the girl…
Why habitaturam?

17. habitare (same time) lives habitavisse (time before) lived habitaturam esse (time after) will live
Vir putat puellam
The man thinks that the girl…
Has to agree with puellam!

18. So the various completed indirect statements are:
Vir putat puellam in Romā habitāre. SAME TIME
The man thinks that the girl lives in Rome.
Vir putat puellam in Romā habitāvisse. TIME BEFORE
The man thinks that the girl lived in Rome.
Vir putat puellam in Romā habitāturam esse. TIME AFTER
The man thinks that the girl will live in Rome.

19. But what happens if my main verb is past tense?!?!

20. Then your translations of the infinitives will change
Then your translations of the infinitives will change. Notice the actual Latin infinitives are the same. The main verb is different.
Vir putāvit puellam in Romā habitāre. SAME TIME
The man thought that the girl lived in Rome.
Vir putāvit puellam in Romā habitāvisse. TIME BEFORE
The man thought that the girl had lived in Rome.
Vir putāvit puellam in Romā habitāturam esse. TIME AFTER
The man thought that the girl would live in Rome.

21. Never EVER try to do this: The man thought that the girl lives in Rome.
This is a HORRIBLE translation in Latin and in English and you cannot do based on what the infinitives represent!

22. Exempla: Meus avunculus dicit suum agrum ab agricola coli.
My uncle says that his field __________ by the farmer.