1. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN SR - A CASE STUDY
SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE, BANGALORE
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
ENERGY CONSERVATION IN SR A CASE STUDY
V.K.AGRAWAL K.RAMAKRISHNA P.BHASKARA RAO V.BALAJI
AGM DGM DGM CM

2. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID – AN OVERVIEW
TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST
PRESENT CONDITIONS & CARDINAL EVENTS
TRANSMISSION NETWORK AND LOSS ANALYSIS
ACTION PLAN FOR LOSS REDUCTION
METERING AND ACCOUNTING PHILOSOPHY …
400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

3. THANK YOU

4. SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID AN OVERVIEW
400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

5. REGIONAL GRIDS INSTALLED CAPACITY TOTAL 115,344 MW
NORTHERN :- 31,307 MW
EASTERN :- 16,140 MW
SOUTHERN :- 32,779 MW
WESTERN :- 32,761 MW
NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW
TOTAL ,344 MW
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
EASTERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
SOUTHERN REGION

6. SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS 1 2 3
TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ
SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003
ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

7. ‘ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS
NORTHERN REGION 1
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
EASTERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ 2
SOUTHERN REGION
WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

8. SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY
ANDHRA PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
KARNATAKA
KERALA
POPULATION : CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)
AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)
INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 32,779 MW(28.2%)
WEATHER :- South-west monsoon
North-east monsoon
SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM
TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

9. SR STATES – GEOGRAPHY ALL INDIA KARNATAKA ANDHRA PRADESH KERALA
POPULATION :- 5.3 CRORES
AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 105 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 642 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID
ANDHRA PRADESH
POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES
AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 719 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID
KERALA
POPULATION :- 3.2 CRORES
AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 61 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 386 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID
ALL INDIA
TAMIL NADU
POPULATION :- 6.2 CRORES
AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM)
NO OF CONSUMERS :- 152 LAKHS
PER CAPITA CONS. :- 866 UNITS
MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS
CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID
TALA PROJECT-LARGE CENTRAL GRID ARUNACHAL TO GUJARAT ON SAME FREQ

10. INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR
AGENCY
HYDRO
THERMAL
GAS/DIESEL
WIND/OTHERS
NUCLEAR
TOTAL
ANDHRA PRADESH
3586
2963
272 2
---
6823
KARNATAKA
3332
1470
128 5
4934
KERALA
1831
234
2067
TAMILNADU
1987
2970
423 19
5399
PONDICHERRY 33
CENTRAL SECTOR
8090
360
830
9280
IPP
278
387
2506
1071
4243
11014 (34%)
15880 (48%)
3956 (12%)
1099 (3%)
830 (3%)
32779 (100%)
The above capacity does not includes
--- About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu.
Micro and Captive plants in different states.

11. SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
IN MW
NUCLEAR
OTHERS
WIND
HYDRO
GAS
THERMAL
32,779 MW

12. GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION
UNIT CAPACITY AP
KAR
KER TN
CGS
TOTAL
THERMAL (500 MW) 2 8 10
THERMAL
( MW) 7 13 15 45
GAS/THERMAL
( MW) 9 3 24
HYDRO
(>50 MW) 27 29 16 87 48 38 19
165
A.P
TYPICAL
GENERATOR
SPREAD
IN SR
KAR
- HYDRO
- THERMAL
KER TN
GENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW
- GAS / NAPTHA
GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW
- NUCLEAR
GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW

13. TYPICAL LOAD SPREAD IN SR
LOAD MW
LOAD MW

14. 400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR 8 4 2 14 5 9 6 20 33 AP KAR KER TN
POWERGRID
STATE
OTHERS
TOTAL AP 8 4 2 14
KAR 5 9
KER TN 6 20 33
KALPAKKA
RAMAGUNDAM 1
GAZUWAKA
SIMHADRI P
HYDERABAD
KHAMMAM P P P
MAMIDIPALLY P
VIJAYAWADA
RAICHUR P
NAGARJUNASAGAR
MUNIRABAD
SRI SAILAM P
KURNOOL P
GOOTY
CUDDAPAH 60
DAVANAGERE P
NELLORE
HIRIYUR
NELAMANGALA
TALAGUPPA
BANGALORE P
KOLAR
HOODY
MADRAS P
-- OF POWERGRID
HOSUR
-- OF NTPC
NEYVELI TPS I (EXP) 63
SALEM
-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH P
NEYVELI
-- OF KARNATAKA
UDUMALPET P
TRICHY
-- OF NLC
TRICHUR P P P
MADURAI
TRIVENDRUM

15. TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA
VOLTAGE LEVEL AP
KAR
KER TN
CGS
TOTAL
400 KV
2042
1614
9850
13506
220/230 KV
10050
7590
2650
6270
366
26926
132/110 KV
12360
6060
3720
10220
32360
24452
15264
6370
16490
10216
71404
ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS

16. MONSOONS
SOUTH WEST MONSOON
NORTH EAST MONSOON

17. TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR
SUMMER
EVENING PEAK
WINTER
MONSOON
WEATHER
RESERVOIR
CONSUMPTION

18. TYPICAL ISSUES IN THE PAST
400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

19. GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST
LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES
LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION
CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES
SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS
SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS
SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD
ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES
UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT
...THE END RESULT :

20. GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK
POWER
SWINGS
INSTABILITY
INCREASED
LOSSES
BLACK-OUT
IN-ECONOMIC
OPERATION
VOLTAGE
COLLAPSE

21. PRESENT CONDITIONS & CARDINAL EVENTS
400 MU CONS IN A DAY-1.5% IS 6 MU, 2190 MU IN A YEAR, 2/UNIT IS 4400 MILLION RUPEES IS 440 CRORE RUPEES

22. FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE 2002-03, 2003-04 & 2004-05
<49.0
49.0 & <50.5
50.5 & Above
Max
Min
Avg
FVI
0.13
98.70
0.17
50.90
48.62
49.85
0.83
2.30
97.30
0.44
51.17
48.18
49.69
1.95
49.48
48.51
2.01
51.37
47.69
48.95
18.86
FVI

23. FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF SOUTHERN REGION FOR PAST FIVE YEARS
FREQUENCY (Hz)
% OF TIME WHEN FREQUECY WAS BETWEEN
AVERAG
FVI
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
AVERAGE
< 48.5 HZ
48.5 TO 49.0 HZ
49.0 TO 49.5 HZ
49.5 TO 50.0 HZ
50.0 TO 50.5 HZ
> 50.5 HZ
00 – 01
51.56
47.76
48.67
53.79
17.68
13.63
12.26
2.64
---
01 – 02
51.44
47.72
48.52
68.08
9.96
6.48
11.39
4.10
29.71
02 – 03
51.37
47.69
48.95
39.31
10.17
14.48
23.93
10.10
2.01
18.86
03 – 04
51.17
48.18
49.69
0.10
2.20
22.03
63.00
12.23
0.44
1.95
50.90
48.62
49.85
0.00
0.13
8.49
63.81
27.40
0.17
0.83

25. SHARP
PEAK
DEEP VALLEY
DEEP VALLEY

26. MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES IN SR SINCE 1994
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ,NAGJHARI ETC

27. GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS
AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME
GENERATION CAPCITY ADDITION
INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE
...THESE EVENTS CHANGED THE FACE OF GRID OPERATION

28. FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004
FVI = 0.04
Avg Freq = 49.99Hz
10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2
FVI =
24 * 60

29. RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISON
LEVEL IN MTS
LEVEL
31-Jul-04
31-Jul-05
JALAPUT
831.58
819.24
LINGANMAKKI
544.22
548.85
SUPA
528.01
542.40
IDUKKI
717.66
720.08
KAKKI
963.83
968.88
NILGIRIS
TOTAL
ENERGY
31-Jul-04
31-Jul-05
RISE IN MU
% RISE
275 47
228 82
1931
2930
999 51
749
1482
733 98
1066
1216
150 14
416
555
139 33
1110
1319
209 19
5546
7549
2003 36