1. Collective bargaining at National Level in Indian Steel Industry
Udaya Bhaskara Naidu Kakilate
India,
Master’s Programme in Industrial and Employment Relations,

2. Republic of India India is the largest democracy in the world.
India is the seventh largest (by area) and the second most populous country .
India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, spanning a period of more than 4000 years, and witnessing the fusion of several customs and traditions, which are reflective of the rich culture and heritage of the Country.

3. Republic of India 3 Bihar 104 15 Assam 31 27 Arunachal Pradesh 1.3 4
S l No
Name of the State
In Milions
Sl No
State 1
Uttar Pradesh
200 13
Kerala 34 25
Nagaland 2
Maharashtra
112 14
Jharkhand 33 26
Goa
1.5 3
Bihar
104 15
Assam 31 27
Arunachal Pradesh
1.3 4
West Bengal 91 16
Punjab 28
Mizoram 5
Andhra Pradesh 50 17
Haryana 29
Sikkim
0.5 6
Madhya Pradesh 73 18
Chhattisgarh
NCT
Delhi 7
Tamil Nadu 72 19
Jammu and Kashmir
UT1
Puducherry
1.2 8
Rajasthan 69 20
Uttarakhand 10
UT2
Chandigarh 9
Karnataka 61 21
Himachal Pradesh
6.8
UT3
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
0.37
Gujarat 60 22
Tripura
3.6
UT4
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
0.34 11
Telangana 35 23
Meghalaya
UT5
Daman and Diu
0.24 12
Odisha 42 24
Manipur
2.7
UT6
Lakshadweep
0.064

4. INDIAN WORKERS AT A GLANCE
The Total number of workers in INDIA at the end of 2016 is around 490 millions.
Around 461 million (94%) are in UNORGANISED Sector. (Unincorporated)
(Small and marginal farmers, landless agricultural labourers, sharecroppers, fishermen, those engaged in animal husbandry, beedi rolling, labeling and packing, building and construction workers, leather workers, weavers, artisans, salt workers, workers in brick kilns and stone quarries, workers in saw mills, workers in oil mills. attached agricultural labourers, bonded labourers, migrant workers, contract and casual labourers, scavengers, carriers of head loads, drivers of animal driven vehicles, loaders and unloaders, midwives, domestic workers, barbers, laundry people, vegetable and fruit vendors, newspaper vendors, pavement vendors, hand cart operators)

5. 250 million workers are in Agriculture
Around 250 million workers are in Agriculture and its allied sectors.
The average salary of an agriculture worker in INDIA is $ 4 per day.
Around farmers committed suicides in 2004 and 5,560 suicides in 2014.
Unemployment rate in India is 5% in and the unemployed persons are around 45 millions. (1/4 of the world unemployment)
Debt bondage,( Child labour (8.2 million out of 217 million ), Migrant labours (Domestic 4.2 million and International 4 million

6. 29 million workers are in organized sector.
Around 29 million (6%) workers are in organized sector.
The organized sector includes workers employed by the government, state-owned enterprises and private sector enterprises.
The organized sector employed 17.5 million workers for government or government owned entities and remaining 11.5 million are private sector employees.

7. Collective bargaining
“Collective bargaining” means all negotiations between employers and or employers’ organizations on the one hand and workers’ organizations on the other, for determining working conditions and terms of employment and/or regulating relations between employers and workers and/or regulating relations between employers or their organizations and a workers’ organization or workers’ organizations.

8. Collective bargaining
The right to bargain collectively with an employer enhances the human dignity, liberty and autonomy of workers by giving them the opportunity to influence the establishment of workplace rules and thereby gain some control over a major aspect of their lives, namely their work.

9. Legal framework of Collective bargaining in India
Trade Union act was introduced in 1926.
Subsequently Industrial dispute act 1947.
Indian Constitution also supported freedom of association (Article 19)
Supreme Court observed that, "Collective bargaining is a technique by which dispute as to conditions of employment is resolved amicably by agreement rather than coercion."

10. Indian Steel Industry.
Indian Steel Industry has a history of more than a century.
SAIL and Tata Steel have been the major steel industries of India. The liberalization of the India economy directed to the opening up of many steel industries, consequently, increased production capacity
The total employment in the industry is more than two million (including direct and indirect employment)

11. “Central wage board for Iron and Steel industry” was appointed in 1962
workers representatives, employer’s representatives and nominees from Government.
as per the recommendations of the wage board, the managements of the different steel plants had entered into settlements with the recognized unions operating in those plants

12. Joint Wage Negotiating Committee for the Steel Industry -1970
New era of Collective bargaining in Indian Steel Industry started
wage revision through ‘bipartite negotiations’
pre-established objective of wage settlement including minimum wage, dearness allowance, fitment of pay scales, housing , gratuity, incentives, bonus, transportation, education and overtime.

13. The parties to Collective bargaining
Employers’ representatives: 4
Workers’ representatives: Fifteen representatives from workers, three each from the three central trade union organizations viz INTUC,AITUC and HMS and one each from recognized Unions at Jamshedpur, Burnpur, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bhilai and Bhadravati to represent around two hundred fifty thousand (250,000)workmen

14. The process of Collective bargaining and outcome.
Collective bargaining agreement on 28th October 1970.
The scope of the committee has enlarged and it continued functioning under the name of Joint Negotiating Committee (JNC)
second Collective bargaining agreement on 31st July 1975
The name of the Committee has further changed to National Joint Consultative Committee for the Steel Industry(NJCC)

15. NJCCS Collective bargaining agreement on 1st June 1979
In June 1979, the name of the committee was changed to National Joint Committee for steel Industry (NJCS)
Memorandum of Agreement on 25th May 1983
Memorandum of Agreement on 5th July 1989
Memorandum of Agreement on 18th May 1995

16. National joint committee for the steel industry (NJCS)
Memorandum of Agreement on 23rd July 2001
Memorandum of Agreement 29th April 2010
Memorandum of Agreement 1st July 2014
The unique feature of its working has been an atmosphere of cordiality, consensus and understanding amongst its members leading to satisfactory conclusions.

17. Successful Experiment
NJCS is the first bipartite forum of its kind at the national level set up in 1969
With the success of this experiment, this idea was emulated and followed by other public undertakings
Despite varying ideologies of different Trade Union organizations represented in the committee and conflicting situations, the committee functions in harmony and symbolizes unity in diversity

18. Challenges. Unjustified delays in the process of social dialogue,
Indirect intervention of the Government,
Excluding or diluting main issues like Bonus, Pension, Medical facilities etc.
Improper and partial implementation of the Collective bargaining agreements
Adverse Government policies and Influence of market crises

19. Remedies Thorough training and guidance to the actors concern by ILO.
Ratification of fundamental conventions as a member State
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