1. Current Agricultural Practices

2. One-Pager Score Card
Points
Title and symbolic border represents theme of content. /2
Two quotes that represent the content.
Three graphics tied to the quotes and/or the information as a whole. /6
Five key vocabulary words /5
Two questions and answers
Main Idea /3
Total
/20

3. Green Revolution
Subsidies
Mechanization
Irrigation
Fertilizers
Monocropping
Pesticides
Genetic Revolution

4. A Closer look at Pesticides Genetic Revolution Sustainable practices
Feeding the World
Subsidies
Green Revolution
A Closer look at Pesticides
Genetic Revolution
Sustainable practices
For APES

5. Subsidies Why do we need food? Energy
The Irony: we use energy to make food = energy subsidy. energy input/calorie food
Good: lots of food, Bad: deficits of energy
Why so many?
Fossil fuels, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and travel to you.

7. Green revolution
Norman Borlaug ( )

8. 11 post-it notes 1.Mechanization 2. Irrigation 3. Monocropping
4. CAFO’s
5. Inorganic Fertilizers
6. Organic Fertilizers

9. Monocropping Single species or variety grown. Lots of food
Pros
Cons
Lots of food
Cheaper food
Able to use big machines
Easier to apply fertilizer and pesticides
Soil erosion (nothing to hold the soil down: DUST BOWL)= loss of top soil = desertification
Vulnerable to pests
Using mechanization , fertilizers etc..

10. What about our Proteins
What about our Proteins? High-Density Animal Farming: CAFO’s (Concentrated animal feeding operations)
Advantages
Disadvantages
More product
Easier to produce
Cheaper
More money
Concentrations of pollution problems such as foul smells from fed lots
Contaminations to drinking water by nitrates in animal wastes (also effects vegetables)
Increase in the spread of diseases.
Increase pressure on the world’s grain supply to feed the animals
Increase inputs of energy from fossil fuels

11. Mechanization Use of machines: irrigation, tractors, fertilizers etc.
Pros
Cons
Lots of food
Cheaper food (large upfront cost)
Necessitates 1 crop agriculture
Only benefits larger farmers
Fossil fuels (energy subsidies)

12. Synthetic (aka inorganic) Fertilizers
Pros
Cons
Lots of food
Easy application
Targeted nutrients
Easily absorbed
Uses a lot of fossil fuels in production
More likely to be carried away by runoff
Does not add organic material to the soil that is lost during production and harvesting.

13. Organic Fertilizers Pros Cons Not as easily taken away by runoff
Adds to the value of the soil
No fossil fuels used in production
Not synthetic/natural processes occur
Takes longer to be adsorbed by plants
Not as easy to apply
Not as easy to target specific nutrient needs
Idea of poop

14. Irrigation Lots of food Cheaper food (large upfront cost)
Pros
Cons
Lots of food
Cheaper food (large upfront cost)
Able to farm land that was previously unusable.
Depletes ground water
Promotes salt water intrusion
Soil degradation by water logging and salinization
Fossil fuels (energy subsidies)

15. Types of Irrigation
4. Furrow (65% efficent- oldest, easiest, cheapest)
3. Flood: More disruptive but 80% efficent
2. Spray irrigation: more expensive %
1. Drip: over 95% efficent (reduces weed growth
1. Hydroponic: uses 95% less water (water can be reused) more expensive.

16. 2. Salinization and Waterlogging
Repeated irrigation can reduce crop yields by causing salt buildup in the soil and waterlogging of crop plants.
Figure 13-13

17. Global Outlook: Soil Erosion
Soil is eroding faster than it is forming on more than one-third of the world’s cropland.
Figure 13-10

18. EXTRA CREDIT DUE Tuesday ALL IN ONE EMAIL
EXTRA CREDIT DUE Tuesday ALL IN ONE !!! If you want to insure I get them all.
Certified organic label
Non-GMO label
Country of origin
Sustainable fishing
BPA Free
Sustainable farming/practices label.
Free-range
You must have one of each before you can duplicate. (Worth 1 point each on your test)

19. Pesticides

20. We will be answering 4 Questions today…
What are the types of pesticides?
What are the advantages of pesticides?
What are the disadvantages of pesticides?
What is the ideal pesticide?

21. Pesticides What are the types of pesticides? Insecticides Herbicides
Fungicides
Rodenticides
Broad spectrum (DDT)
Endocrine Inhibitors
Narrow spectrum (selective): Roundup
Persistent
nonpersistent

22. What are the advantages to pesticides?
Easy to apply
Quick working
In most cases works with a single application
Targeted (in most cases)
Prevents crop damage = greater yield= less land used for agriculture

23. Disadvantages? Kills unintended organisms (bees)
Persistent = bioaccumulation (Rachel Carson, Silent Spring)
Resistance (just like bacteria and antibiotics)= pesticide treadmill
Enters waterways through runoff
Toxicity (LD50 and ED50) ** See hand out***

25. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring
Banned in 1972 in the US and 2001 worldwide.
Loss of biodiversity (bald eagles, bees, thinned egg shells of birds, reptiles and some amphibians)
Human Effects:  LD50 of 113 mg/kg (in rats) : ~300 ; caffeine (depends on the sex and age) btw: Nicotine 50 mg/kg
breast & other cancers (Still arguments about this one)
male infertility
miscarriages & low birth weight
developmental delay
Endocrine disruptors
nervous system & liver damage
What we are still seeing after over 40 years of banning it: Its persistent!!
Food supplies: USDA found DDT breakdown products in 60% of heavy cream samples, 42% of kale greens, 28% of carrots and lower percentages of many other foods.
Body burden: DDT breakdown products were found in the blood of 99% of the people tested by CDC.
Health impacts: Girls exposed to DDT before puberty are 5 times more likely to develop breast cancer in middle age, according to the President’s Cancer Panel.

26. Ideal Pesticides IPM (Integrated pest management)
In short: Use of pesticides is the last resort, farmers must carefully monitor crops and infestations must be caught early.
Other methods include: crop rotation, intercropping, agroforestry, use of natural predators (salt cedar at I20 , lady bugs kill aphids, scales, and mites, wasps to kill certain kinds of caterpillars)

27. GMO’s How does this work? Some examples:
How does this work?
Some examples:
Golden Rice: added vitamin A producing gene= reduce blindness
Pharmaceuticals: grown in plants, animals or bacteria
Roundup ready soybeans
Salmon: grow to maturity in half the time

28. Define GMO.
Briefly discuss you opinion on, “Should the government require labeling of GMO’s?” Give two reasons to support your answer.
Lets take this to the next level. Should the US follow Europe and ban GMO use and import? Give two reasons to support your answer.

29. FOOD LABELS

30. Who’s to blame? Ignorance (us) Government Policies Farm Bill
Subsidies (keeps food prices artificially low)

31. More Sustainable Methods
Small scale farming
Shifting agriculture (Includes slash and burn)
Sustainable agriculture: intercropping, crop rotation, agroforestry, contour plowing/planting
No-Till agriculture
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Organic Agriculture: use natural systems, keep as much organic matter in soil as possible, no synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
To reduce fertilizer run-off (used prescribe amounts and plant legumes and other nitrogen fixing plants)

32. The other side of the story