1. Arielle Hautcoeur & Mary Tollefson
Grade 9
Sexual Health Presentation:
Birth Control
Arielle Hautcoeur & Mary Tollefson

2. What is Sexual Health?
Being sexually healthy means that you are free from disease, violence, injury, fear and false belief.
Sexual health is defined by the individual , in other words, everyone will have their own understanding/ definition of sexual health. That definition will affect the decisions they make and the way they live their lives.
How can you know if you’re sexually healthy? Sexual health may change on a day to day basis. Signs that you are sexually healthy include: physical health (regular testing), being comfortable with your decisions and your partner, and having open and honest communication about sexual manners in any relationship (long or short term) (Society of obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada ,2015)

3. Sexual Expression and Abstinence
any of the sexual activities we choose to do, or not do, our clothing, and manner of interacting with others. How we choose to express ourselves sexually, depends on our personal boundaries
Abstinence:
Health definition: “not having penis, vagina and/or anal intercourse”
Pure abstinence: “not doing anything sexual/physical with another partner with another partner or no exchange of sexual bodily fluids.

4. Sexually Transmitted Infections
STI’s can have long term and serious effects on your life
STI’s can most often be spread by oral, vaginal and anal sex with an unprotected partner
A lot of STI’s can go unnoticed. It is important to get yourself regularly checked when you are sexually active, and always know your partner’s sexual history and STI status.

5. STIs

6. Drawing the line
Activity

7. Birth Control Types of Birth Control Hormonal Spermicidal Barrier
Natural
Other

8. Hormonal Methods How do they work? Stop release of a mature egg
Thicken the cervical mucus making it difficult for sperm to get to the egg
Change the lining of the uterus making implantation difficult
Types include- The Pill, The Patch, Vaginal Ring, Injection

9. Oral Contraceptive “The Pill”
Prescription tablets taken once a day
Two types of hormones: estrogen and progesterone
Prevents ovulation (releasing of an egg),and creates mucus around the cervix so it is harder for sperm to enter the uterus
When taken as directed the pill is 99% effective
Take one pill at the same time every day for 21 days
Take one week off for period.
Cost: ~$15-20 a month

10. Oral Contraceptive “The Pill”
Advantages:
Reversible and highly effective
Simple and easy to use
Regulates menstrual cycle and reduces cramps
Disadvantages:
Must remember to take every day
Some medications may effect the pill- check with doctor or pharmacist
Does NOT provide protection against STIs, only pregnancy
May increase the risk of blood clots and breast lumps

12. Contraceptive Patch Brand name is Evra.
Same hormones as birth control pill
Works the same way as birth control pill
Place on arm, shoulder, buttock, abdomen
Change patch once a week for three weeks, and take one week off for period
~$20-25 a month
99% effective when used as directed

13. Contraceptive Patch Disadvantages: Advantages:
Does NOT provide protection against STIs.
May have some side effects for some women (nausea, breast tenderness, spotting).
Advantages:
Reversible and highly effective
Once a week regimen- no daily routine required
Regulates menstrual cycle and reduces cramps

15. Vaginal Ring (Nuva-ring)
Same hormones as pill, and patch, and works the same way
A flexible, nearly transparent ring (about 2 inches across)
Administered vaginally
Ring is left in for 21 days with one week off for period
98% effective when used as directed
~$30 a month

16. Vaginal Ring (Nuva-ring)
Disadvantages
Does NOT provide protection against STIs
If ring is removed and out for more than three hours, you will need to use a backup method of birth control, such as condoms until the ring has been used continuously for seven days
Advantages:
Reversible and highly effective birth control method
Once-a-month regimen—no daily routine required
Regulates menstrual cycle

18. Injection: Depo-Provera
Known as “the shot”
Injection administered by the doctor every 12 weeks
99% effective when the shot is given exactly every 12 weeks
One hormone only, progestin; it does not contain estrogen
Administered in arm or buttock
Usually given during menstrual period or a few days after menstruation has begun
Effective within 24 hours if taken the first day of a woman’s period
~$25-45 per shot

19. Injection: Depo-Provera
Disadvantages:
Weight gain
Depletes bone density-risk of osteoporosis
Advantages:
Reversible
No daily contraceptive routine required; one injection lasts for three months
Effectiveness is not reduced by other common medications
With continued use, menstrual cycles cease in over half of users after the first year, and two-thirds of users after two years of use
Reduces the risk of endometrial cancer
Effective immediately when given during the first 5 days of a normal menstrual period

21. Spermicidal Methods
Include foam, jellies, creams, suppositories or tablets
They are inserted into a woman’s vagina shortly before sexual intercourse and are effective for only a short period of time
Contain chemicals called spermicides which kill sperm
Should be used with another from of birth control
Advantages:
Does not contain hormones
Can be used by women who are breastfeeding
Spermicide may provide added lubrication
Disadvantages:
No protection against STIs
Must be available at time of intercourse and must be inserted into vagina in advance
Requires proper insertion technique

23. Barrier Methods
A physical barrier preventing the sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing the egg
Types:
Male condom
Female condom
Diaphragm
Sponge
Cervical cap

24. Male Condoms
A soft disposable sheath made of latex most often (non-latex are made of silicone, polyurethane, and lambskin)
Available in various shapes, sizes, thicknesses, colors and flavors
99% effective when used properly
Cost- $8-12/ package of 12 or 3$ for a dozen at planned parenthood
How do they work?
Fits over the erect penis
Acts as a physical barrier preventing direct genital contact and the exchange of genital fluids, so the sperm does not enter the uterus and fertilize the egg
A new condom is used for each act of intercourse

25. Male Condom Advantages Disadvantages: Inexpensive
Available widely without a prescription
Latex condoms protect against STIs
Allows the male partner to assume some responsibility for birth control
Both partners can participate in their use
May help the wearer avoid premature ejaculation
Disadvantages:
Must be available at the time of intercourse
May slip or break during intercourse
Must be stored and handled properly
Some people have allergies to latex
May reduce sensitivity for either partner
May interfere with the maintenance of an erection
Lambskin condoms do not protect against STIs

27. Female condom

29. Intrauterine device (IUD)
A t-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus by your physician or nurse practitioner in the doctors office
2 types:
Copper IUD: a T-shaped device with a copper wire around it
99.2% effective
Cost: $60-80
Hormonal IUD (Mirena): a T-shaped device that contains a hormone called levonogestrel
99.9% effective
Cost: $ but is usually covered through health insurance
Two threads may be felt in the vagina, so a women can check for herself to ensure that the IUD is still in place

30. Intrauterine device (IUD)
Advantages:
Long-acting contraceptive; can be left in place for up to five years
Dose not contain estrogen
Does not interfere with intercourse
No daily contraceptive routine required
Regulates menstrual cycle and reduces cramps (hormonal only)
Disadvantages:
Possible side effects include irregular bleeding or spotting in the first months after insertion
Perforation of the uterus may occur at the time of insertion (RARE)
May be expelled from the uterus in 2-6 % of users
No protection against STIs
Requires a doctor or NP for insertion and removal

32. Emergency Contraception
Known as “Plan B” or “morning after pill”
A special kind of hormone pill that can prevent pregnancy after you have had unprotected sex or your birth control method fails (i.e., condom breaks)
Emergency contraception is only for EMERGENCY use and dose not provide ongoing protection against pregnancy between your periods
How does it work?
Depending on where the woman is in her menstrual cycle, it may:
Stop or delay the release of the egg
Prevents fertilized egg from implanting on uterine wall

33. Emergency Contraception
It does not affect a pregnancy that has already implanted in the uterus
95% effective in the first 24 hours
85% effective on the 3rd day
58% effective on day 4 & 5
Available by prescription and over the counter
Between $17 to about $35

34. Other Methods Natural family planning
Calendar method-keeping track of menstrual cycle to determine fertile periods, then avoiding unprotected sex during these times
Withdrawal
A man withdraws his penis from the woman’s vagina before he ejaculates
Failure rate is high because “self-control” is not always possible and some sperm can come out before ejaculation
Sterilization- Permanent
Vasectomy the tubes, called the vas deferens, are cut and blocked. The male still ejaculates and experiences orgasms, but fertilization can no longer take place
Tubal ligation- the woman’s fallopian tubes are closed or tied off, preventing fertilization because the egg can no longer travel from the ovaries to connect with the sperm

35. Lubricants
Used to make sex more comfortable and pleasurable, for prevention of STIs, and to help with effectiveness of condoms
Water-based or silicone-based only when used with latex condoms
Oil-based lube never used
Oil-based products should not be used in vagina.

36. Condom activity
In groups of 2-3 you will put in order the correct steps to putting on a condom