1. OPERA : CERN-LNGS Long Base νμ→ντ Appearance Experiment
Belgium
IIHE(ULB-VUB) Brussels
COLLABORATION
Bulgaria
Sofia University
36 groups
~ 165 physicists
China
IHEP Beijing, Shandong
Croatia
Zagreb University
France
LAPP Annecy, IPNL Lyon, LAL Orsay, IRES Strasbourg
Germany *
Berlin, Hagen, Hamburg, Münster, Rostock
Israel
Technion Haifa
Italy
Bari, Bologna, LNF Frascati, L’Aquila, LNGS, Naples, Padova, Rome, Salerno
Japan
Aichi, Toho, Kobe, Nagoya, Utsunomiya
Russia
INR Moscow, ITEP Moscow, JINR Dubna, Obninsk
Switzerland
Bern, Neuchâtel
Turkey
METU Ankara

2. OPERA : CERN-LNGS Long Base νμ→ντ Appearance Experiment
Motivations:
Direct observation of νμ oscillation by detecton of ντ+ Pb interaction in initially pure νμ beam (0.8% νe, 2% νμ)
Precise measurements of Δm232
νμ -> νe observation
θ13 measurements
Venice

3. 6.76x1019 pot / year <E> ~ 17 GeV
OPERA : CERN-LNGS Neutrino Beam (CNGS)
6.76x1019 pot / year
<E> ~ 17 GeV

4. Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC)
Experimental technique Pb
Emulsion layers n t
1 mm
Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC)
Emulsions for tracking, passive material as target
Basic technique established:
charmed “X-particle” first observed in cosmic rays (1971)
DONUT/FNAL beam-dump experiment: nt events observed
Dm2 = ( ) x 10-3 eV2  Mtarget ~ 2 kton
large detector  sensitivity, complexity
modular structure (“bricks”): basic performance is preserved
Experience with emulsions and/or nt searches : E531, CHORUS, NOMAD and DONUT
Venice

5. multiple scattering, kinematics
OPERA Detector: Supermodule structure
8 m
Pb/Em. ECC brick
Basic “cell”
Pb/Em. target
Emulsion
1 mm Pb
8 cm
Emulsion analysis
 vertex
 decay kink
 e/γ/μ/π ID,
multiple scattering, kinematics
Extract selected brick  
Electronic detectors: target tracker, μ spectrometer, veto counters
find the brick with n interaction
m ID, charge & p
Venice

6. Underground assembly space
OPERA Detector: Disposition in LNGS underground lab
Underground assembly space
( )
Pb-emulsion stacking
brick packing
4 m corridor
48 m
BAM
Borexino
Hall B
Hall C
Emulsion storage
Venice

7. Rear damping structure Front damping structure
OPERA Detector: Disposition in LNGS underground lab
31 target planes / spectrometer ( bricks, 1766 tons)
Rear damping structure
Front damping structure
 
Mechanical structure and risk analysis study
accepted by safety authorities
Electronic barrack
Venice

8. 10X0 ( 56 emulsion films ) ECC Brick Packing Options: Vacuum
Mechanical
Venice

9. Day by day experiment operation scheme
Emulsion Scanning stations
locate n interaction
 detection
Gran Sasso
tag n interaction
extract ECC brick
ECC brick
30bricks/day
cosmic ray exposure
develop emulsion sheet etc.
Venice

10. νμCC νμNC ντCC interactions νeCC __ __ Δm2 OPERA 1 x 10-3 eV2 24
OPERA Event rate
5 years /year
in shared mode
OPERA
1.766 ktons
νμCC
24300
νμNC
7300
510
νeCC
194 17
ντCC interactions
Δm2
OPERA
1 x 10-3 eV2 24
2 x 10-3 eV2 95
3 x 10-3 eV2
214 __ __
efficient beam monitoring
32300
Possible improvements:
proton intensity increase  1.5
running in dedicated mode  1.7
up to 80 events per day in OPERA
to be taken into account for the scanning power
2.55
Venice

11. Number of events: full mixing, 5 years run @ 6.76x1019 pot / year
signal
(Dm2 = 1.3 x 10-3 eV2)
(Dm2 = 2.0 x 10-3 eV2)
(Dm2 = 3.0 x 10-3 eV2)
BKGD
Final Design
4.7
11.
24.6
1.06
3 YEARS
5 YEARS 4s 3s
SK 90%CL
Venice

12. 5 years 3 years 5 years data taking m2 = 1.2x10-3 eV2 at full mixing
OPERA Sensitivity
5 years
3 years
5 years data taking
m2 = 1.2x10-3 eV2
at full mixing
sin2 (2) = 6.0x10-3
at large m2
Venice

13. CNGS schedule
Venice

14. Spectrometer :Magnet, RPC, XPC and Precision Tracker
OPERA construction tasks and schedule
Spectrometer :Magnet, RPC, XPC and Precision Tracker
Veto and Beam monitoring
Target : Brick wall and Target Tracker
DAQ
Brick production and Handling
Scanning and Computing
Venice

15. OPERA construction tasks and schedule
Venice

16. Spectrometer construction
Tests at Frascati lab
Total Fe weight
~ 1 kton
coil Fe
(5 cm)
RPC
12 Fe
slabs
in total
8.2 m
B= 1.55 T
slabs
base
Venice

17. Spectrometer construction Aug 2003
Venice

18. Spectrometer construction Dec 2003
Venice

19. Precision tracker Performance: Full size prototype efficiency: 99.1%
Electronics
FE : board ready
TDC : chip tested, board being designed
DAQ : running
HV board : final design in progress
Performance:
efficiency: 99.1%
resolution:  300 μm
Full size prototype
as seen from the top

20. 7m XY planes, 7000m2 in total 1000 MaPMT Hamamatsu 64channels
Target tracker 7m
XY planes, 7000m2 in total
32256 Scintillator strips 7m x 2.5cm x1cm
AMCRYS-H (Kharkov) + Kuraray WLS
1000 MaPMT Hamamatsu 64channels
Dedicated Front End electronics for
gain correction
Autotriggerable and 1/5 p.e
Venice

21. Target tracker first wall constructed (Strasbourg)
Venice

22. Produce about 8 modules/week.
Target tracker delivery
Produce about 8 modules/week.
Delivery at GS (modules already calibrated):
16 modules February 2004
56 modules May 2004
56 modules July 2004
56 modules September 2004
56 modules November 2004
56 modules January 2005
56 modules March 2005
56 modules May 2005
56 modules July 2005
40 modules September 2005
TT installation: 31/03/2004 to 18/01/2006
TT Walls will be mounted outside (about 15 walls prepared in advance) and slided inside the detector after each brick wall installation.
Venice

23. 1) A Smart (Ethernet capable) F/E card TT : at the PM level
The 3 ingredients of the DAQ architecture
100 Mbits switch
1) A Smart (Ethernet capable) F/E card
TT : at the PM level
RPC, PT : plane or station level
2) A distributed synchronization scheme
(time + deterministic commands)
3) A network architecture with different levels of switches up to the event building work stations
Same architecture for : target tracker, RPC and Precision tracker
Venice

24. t Mass production starts April 2003 (~150 000 m2)
ECC components: emulsion & lead
Mass production starts April 2003 (~ m2)
Refreshing done in the Tono Mine in Japan : 2 years duration
One batch sent to LNGS every 2 months starting august 2003
 emulsion storage LNGS (Hall B) june 2003 t Pb 
1 mm
100mm
125mm
Lead from Boliden
Venice

25. Brick Assembling Machine (BAM) schedule
Final specifications: December 2002
End of market search: March 2003
Technical audit: April 2003
Call for tenders: May to October 2003
Firm selection: November 2003
Ordering: December-January 2003
Construction and tests in the firm: January 2003 to February 2005
Delivery at Gran Sasso laboratory: March 2005
Assembly, installation: April 2005
Production acceptance tests at Gran Sasso: May to July 2005
Brick mass production: September 2005 to August 2006
Venice

26. The Vacuum sucker Vehicle (VV)
Brick Manipulator prototype (LAPP Annecy)
Naples-Frascati wall
CCD Camera
The Vacuum sucker Vehicle (VV)
VV cable loop driving system
VV cable
50 bricks/day
~ 3 hours
Venice

27. Routine  5cm2/hr Near future  20cm2/hr sq ~ 2mrad sx ~ 0.5mm
Emulsion scanning
Europe prototype
(Lyon example)
sq ~ 2mrad
sx ~ 0.5mm
Dedicated hardware
Hard coded algorithms
Commercial products
Software algorithms
Routine  5cm2/hr
Near future  20cm2/hr
Venice
S-UTS prototype at Nagoya

28. Emulsion scanning: ντ→τ-→e- simulated & reconstracted event
Venice

29. november 2003 started SM1 Magnet RPC installation
Important milestones
november started SM1 Magnet RPC installation
June starts SM1 Target installation
January 2005 BAM and BMS installation
July starts filling bricks
Venice

30. Detector construction and installation
Conclusions
Detector construction and installation
Mass production started
Large and complex detector installation started
Detector (and CNGS beam !) will be ready in 2006
Scanning strategy to be optimised
Important Physics Program
First evidence of nm-nt appearance in few years data taking
In a five years run: 17 signal x 10-3 eV2) and 1.06 background events
Studies to improve efficiency and to reduce the background
Significant measurement of q13 ( See talk by P.Migliozzi )
Venice