1. Metabolism

2. What You Need to Know
9-11 LS1F All of the functions of the cell are based on chemical reactions. Food molecules are broken down to provide the energy and the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules. Breakdown and synthesis are made possible by proteins called enzymes.
Some of these enzymes enable the cell to store energy in special chemicals, such as ATP, that are needed to drive the many other chemical reactions in a cell.

3. Synthesis

4. Breakdown

5. Synthesis

6. Breakdown

7. Synthesis happens in plants and animals
They are needed for the synthesis of glucose from Carbon Dioxide in photo-synthesis

8. Living Systems Breakdown molecules
Starch
Glucose

9. How Glucose is used For immediate energy ATP or Stored in liver as
Glycogen
This is synthesis in the digestive process

10. All the chemical activities and changes that take place in a cell or an organism are collectively know as its
Metabolism

11. What’s so special about ATP?
Cellular Respiration is a Breakdown reactions that releases energy
Synthesis reactions require energy: an example is making muscles from amino acids that were originally in your food.
The LINK between the two: ATP from breakdown reactions becomes the source of energy for reactions that synthesize, or build up (growth, repair, all life processes)
ATP makes sure that energy from breaking down molecules is not wasted.

12. Without ATP, Organisms die

13. Four Biosynthetic Reactions
Building proteins
Making glucose in photosynthesis
Growth
Repairing cells and tissues
Finish from SWIFT site

14. Carbohydrates are how we get our energy
How do people who eat the Atkins' diet, or other protein based diets get energy if they are eating very little carbohydrates?

15. Enzymes
Help synthesize new molecules
Help breakdown other molecules

16. Organisms need many types of macromolecules
What’s a macromolecule?
It’s a big molecule made from many small molecules. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are macromolecules

17. Organisms must synthesize amino acids, lipids and other molecules from the matter that the organism takes in

18. Other molecules besides glucose can be used in cellular respiration
Fats can be broken down to fatty acids and glycerol. These are long chains of carbon and hydrogen. Glycerol can be made into a molecule to be used in Glycolysis to enter cellular respiration
Proteins are broken down to amino acids. If the nitrogen is removed from these, they can also go through the Krebs cycle.

19. We can use Proteins for Energy
It’s not very efficient
The most efficient way is to use it as a source of amino acids to build new proteins.

20. If a body is starving
In Anorexia nervosa for example, there aren’t enough proteins, fats or carbohydrates in the person’s diet
They can’t assemble the macromolecules they need
The muscles of the person’s body are consumed for the fuel they need