Slides 2 – 10, Opening: 15 min (12:00 – 12:15)

Slides 2 – 10, Opening: 15 min (12:00 – 12:15)
Slide , Intro to Donna – 10 min (12:15 – 12:25) Slide 13 – 14, How did you learn about poverty – 20 min (12:25 – 12:45) Slide 15, Criminalization of poverty – 15 min (12:45 – 1:00) Slide 16, Interactions with law enforcement – 15 min (1:00 – 1:15) Slide 17 – 18, Faulty attribution theory & types of poverty – 20 min (1:15 – 1:35) Slide 19 – 20, Set up and brainstorm barriers to participate in court system – 10 min (1:35 – 1:45) Slide 21, Brainstorm, ideas to increase client meeting with you on – 10 min (1:45 – 1:55) Slides 22 – 24, Recap, reflections, pre-work for next session – 5 min (1:55 – 2:00) Prework 1. Read excerpt “Different types of poverty” 2. Complete QUIZ, Part 1

Use your marker tool to answer these questions:
Unsure Somewhat Yes! I see people in poverty as worthy of help. I am currently successful helping people in poverty. I contribute to improving my community because I understand poverty well. Opening Activity: Why are you here?

As legal professionals, you are known for being exceptional problem solvers. So I thought we’d start out today with a problem-solving activity.

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In a moment, I’m going to put a list of misspelled words on the screen. You will need to figure out the correct word for each. I’ll give you a minute to decipher them. Just jot them down on a piece of a paper you have handy. CLICK for list At the end of 1 minute, call time. Now I want you to guess what this five-letter word is – I’ll put it up on the screen in a moment. I’m only going to give you 5 seconds to make your guess. Jot it down on the same piece of paper. CLICK for next slide

S __ __ __ P L E E Wait 5 seconds and call time.
There are a lot of five-letter words that begin with an “S” and end with a “P”. What did you come up with? Type it in the Chat. Expect that many, if not all, responses will be “sleep”.* Wow, you could have come up with words like scrap, stamp, strip, scalp, sharp, snoop, stomp, sweep. I wonder why so many of you came up with the same word. Why do you think? Link “sleep” to the earlier misspelled words. We know that previous memories influence our responses to a new task. This effect is called priming. Priming creates expectations. I think we’ve been primed to think certain ways about poverty and people in poverty. And this priming causes may cause us to jump to false assumptions. *If not many responses are “sleep”, suggest that in previous studies most participants came up with the word sleep. Proceed with your debriefing. L E E

You see a man standing on the corner holding a “please help, hungry” sign. And then we may make an assumption that he’s not a hard worker.

You see an unkempt woman pushing a grocery cart along the sidewalk
You see an unkempt woman pushing a grocery cart along the sidewalk. And then we may make an assumption that she’s a drug addict.

You see someone using food stamps to pay for groceries, much of which is “junk food”. And then we make a judgment about how they’re spending their money.

Were these assumptions real or false?
And how often do we jump to conclusions and judge negatively? One of the greatest barriers to equal justice is the false assumptions we make about people in poverty. And so through this program, we’re going to work to create a new “prime”.

I want to introduce you to Donna Beegle now
I want to introduce you to Donna Beegle now. We’re going to be watching excerpts of her "Breaking Poverty Barriers to Equal Justice," filmed in October 2014 before a live audience of judges and lawyers. * Put participants on Mute, put my phone on mute * Turn the sound on your computer on * Explain process of starting and stopping video themselves (Next slide for example screen shot) * Be patient, depending on network speed it may take a minute to load – chat me privately if you’re having any issues VIDEO CLIP #1 (script 2:34 – 3:19) 3:17 MINUTES Unmute participants and my line Mute sound on my computer Quick debrief: Reactions? Surprises?

I know one or more people in poverty
I have lived in poverty I know one or more people in poverty I studied about poverty in college or high school I have volunteered to help people in poverty I learn about it from the news or media. I see people in poverty begging in the streets or on the side of the roads Other How did you learn about poverty? Use marker tool to indicate on screen. What’s interesting is that a lot of us have experienced poverty, so we think we know it. We think we have nothing to learn – that our experience was the same as others’, that our “prime” is the same. But that’s not necessarily the case. I want you to hear what Donna learned about poverty when working on her doctorate. Let’s see how your responses line up to what Donna found about how people learn about poverty. * SKIP Legal Beegle activity that is going to pop up, we’ll discuss as a group VIDEO CLIP #2 (script 3:21 – 6:15) 12 MINUTES Unmute participants and my line Mute sound on my computer Quick debrief: How has how you learned about poverty impacted your interactions with poverty clients?

Federal Poverty Guideline, Family of 4
$24,000 Our government has defined poverty for determining certain benefits, like welfare and food stamps. Does anyone have any idea what the federal poverty guideline is for a family of four? (QUIZ QUESTION #1) TYPE in the chat $24,000 or $2000/month Roughly 15% of families and 20% of children live in that kind of poverty To put that in perspective: - U.S. real (inflation adjusted) median household income was $51,939 in 2013 According to the USDA’s Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, the average expenditure for a low-cost meal plan for a family of four in the United States is $786 This is substantially less than the liberal food plan, which comes in at $1,195 for a family of four for a month. Avg US rent $992/mo **$16.43/day per family member, McDonald’s 3x/day for $5/meal, that leaves me $1.43 left for everything else *NPR recently... measuring poverty what they don’t have vs. what they have. ½ of NYC residents will experience material hardship – hunger, eviction, failing delinquent on bills. Material hardship will befall many making two and three times the poverty guideline. $16.43/day per family member $1.43

The Criminalization of Poverty
What are 3 stats/numbers that stood out to you? In order to understand how you can better serve people in poverty, we need to dispel some assumptions we may have about poverty. In this next clip, Donna is going to share some compelling numbers related to the criminalization of poverty. When we come back together, I want to talk about the facts that really stood out to you. So jot them down as you hear them. *Let video play through the Legal Beegle activity. VIDEO CLIP #3 (script 6:35 – 8:25) 8:40 MINUTES Debrief

Interactions with Law Enforcement
VIDEO CLIP #5 (6:20 – 6:35, 10:11 – 12:8, 30:34 – 31:18) 11:53 MINUTES *Reflect when Legal Beegle activity comes up, there will be two activities, but keep the video playing Legal Beegle Activity: What’s the Why Behind Behavior…Interactions with Law Enforcement (#2) For one minute, reflect on what you would do if approached by a police officer if you had grown up in a middle class family. (where police officers were seen as friends, or people who serve and protect you) Our experiences shape how we respond to others. What can you do to better interact with clients who have negative experiences with legal or law enforcement professionals? How do you think your clients’ potential experiences with law enforcement might impact their experience with you? What are some things you could do to better interact with clients who have had negative experiences with law enforcement? Put white board up for brainstorming

Faulty Attribution Theory
So there’s an important concept I want to introduce now that will shape how we think about our work with poverty clients. The concept is... FAULTY ATTRIBUTION THEORY It’s when you attribute motive to other people’s behavior. For example, your client doesn’t show up because he’s lazy. She didn’t complete the paperwork because she doesn’t care. If you find yourself saying, “If they would just...”, then this is a sign you’re falling prey to the faulty attribution theory. You don’t have the capacity or context to where those behaviors would make any sense. How do you relate and communicate if you don’t understand where people are coming from? For instance, there are actually different kinds of poverty. Yet we use just one word to describe them all. So it’s important that we have a better understanding of the different life experiences of poverty in order to avoid faulty attribution.

4 Different types of poverty
Situational poverty Recap and discuss elements of 4 types of poverty. Ask: What are some characteristics of... (type on screen as participants share) Generational poverty •Are typically workers of the land (not factory) • May never have connected meaningfully with anyone who benefited from education • Have not known anyone who was promoted or was respected in a job • Are highly mobile, often without a home and moving frequently looking for ways to make money • Have high family illiteracy • Subconsciously believe that something is wrong with them and that is why they are in poverty • Learn not to trust professionals or people with titles • Have likely had negative experiences in trying to access the legal system • Focus on making it through the day Working-class poverty • Work, but are barely able to pay for basic needs (no money for any extras) • Often working more than one job • Are typically renters as opposed to homeowners • Often live paycheck to paycheck • Rarely have health care coverage • Focus on making it two weeks or through the month • Learn not to trust people who are making it • View poverty as personal deficiency Immigrant poverty • Have few or no resources • Face language and culture barriers • Seem to have a stronger sense of self than those in working-class and generational poverty • Often do better than those born into poverty in America • View poverty as a system problem Situational poverty • Grew up in stable environments and had their basic needs met and more • Attended school regularly; had health care, family vacations, etc. • Were surrounded by educated people with living-wage jobs • Do not recognize advantages of growing up middle class • Have had a crisis (health, divorce, etc.) and had income and savings drop • Became isolated (or isolated themselves) from middle-class friends during their poverty crisis • Are embarrassed by their situation • Have likely had positive experiences with accessing legal services, but once in poverty, face barriers to equal justice • Have not internalized poverty as personal deficiency • Are more likely to make it back into the middle class In this workshop, we're focusing more on generational poverty, because that is the type that so many of us are least familiar with but who need our help as much as anyone else. Working-class poverty Immigrant poverty Generational poverty

Which of the following statements are true:
Roughly 45% of people living in poverty in the U.S. are white. Government assistance is adequate to get out of poverty. People in poverty who work hard can get out of poverty. A good education is necessary to get out of poverty. Discuss question on quiz related to “what’s true about poverty?” (Question #10) Which of the following statements are true: 1. Roughly 45% of people living in poverty in the U.S. are white - YES 2. Government assistance is adequate to get out of poverty - NO 3. People in poverty who work hard can get out of poverty -NO 4. A good education is necessary to get out of poverty. - YES Now that we’ve established context for poverty and dispelled some assumptions you have may have had about poverty and people in poverty, now we’re going to move into strategies to overcome the barriers that poverty can pose.

Brainstorm What resource barriers might people in poverty have when trying to participate in the court system? They don’t know they have a legal issue First, let’s talk about ways to lessen the impact that poverty itself has on access to the court system. I'd like to ask you to share some thoughts you have for resource barriers that people in poverty might have when trying to participate in the court system. CLICK Ex. they don't know they have a legal issue (story of housing court client). What are some others? These may be hard to come up with because we'll be looking through a lens that we're not used to looking through. When you have resources, it's can be hard to see the barriers related to resources. Day care transportation Jobs that allow time off of work English literacy English as second language Time Cost of filing fees Stable address and phone numbers Disabilities (xx% of those in poverty have a mental or physical disability that prevents them from working) Untreated trauma Feeling intimidated by lawyers Bad experiences of the court system (lack of trust) Not understanding that there may be alternatives to going to court that lawyers can help with Unfamiliarity with "rich" areas of city Untreated mental illness Can you see how the court system is built for the wealthy and middle class? And those who would argue that middle class people like ourselves can't afford lawyers, I'd agree, but I'd also point out that we have so many other things going in our favor, including the proliferation of do-it-yourself forms and court self -help centers. Looking at these barriers, how could you increase the number of clients who come to an appointment with you?

Generate ideas to increase the number of clients who come to an appointment with you.
I‘m going to have you work in small groups to generate ideas. But you’re really going to have to work to challenge your assumptions here. You’ll have 5 minutes to generate as many ideas as you can, then we'll come back together and I'll call on each group in order to share one strategy. Reminder of breakout logistics. Regroup. Put up whiteboard. Rotate through breakout groups for ideas. Record on whiteboard. Multiple TYPES of ways to contact Multiple WAYS to contact: Primary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency Ensure you’re both on the same page as to goals & participation Options for meeting times & places Review how to get there Reminder calls, texts, s Explain importance of meeting or court appearances to their goal Establish rapport over the phone before you meet (more on that later) Are these techniques that you will be able to use with your clients? MARTHA: As a pro bono services manager, I'm the one to whom complaints come. And I can tell you that there are many times that an attorney will confuse a RESOURCE issue with an INVESTMENT issue. I can tell you that it's profoundly rare for a client not to care about his welfare or that of his/her children. But they may not have the resources to participate in the court system, without some of the easy accommodations you've identified. And, it may be that the benefits of participating in the court system are outweighed by the costs. It's hard to sue in court for a security deposit when you learn how much effort it will take, and how long it will take to get a judgment, much less enforce it. All lawyers become experts at problem solving outside the court system for their paying clients. I'd like them to do the same for their pro bono clients.

BREAK!

Breaking Poverty Barriers to Equal Justice

Story: I want to tell you about an attorney who
Story: I want to tell you about an attorney who... (tell in 3rd person) serving two clients with same issue, but helped the client LIKE her for twice as long as the client NOT LIKE her? She didn’t realize at the time that she was pulling away from what was different, and in doing that gave the person not like her less access to the justice system than the person like her.

Then admit, the attorney was you!
We make snap judgments all the time based on our perspective. But our perspective is a choice. If we don't SEE what we're doing, we lose our ability to make choices based on our values. We hold the keys to the justice system. If we don’t know our own biases, those different from us will never have the same access as those like us.

5 Main Causes of Communication Breakdown
In our last session, we started thinking about barriers to access to the legal justice system. And we brainstormed some specific ways you could increase the likelihood you client will keep their meeting with you (the simplest form of access). We’ll build on that today by looking at the biggest barrier to access... and that is in our communication.

Five Main Causes of Communication Breakdown
Subconscious bias Distrust of outsiders/fear of professionals Differences in priorities/world views Differences in basic communication styles Differences in vocabulary and examples Five Main Causes of Communication Breakdown all result from the way we perceive one another and the world, and the differences that can then arise. Let’s look at the first one... Subconscious bias. I’m going to let Donna talk to you more about this one. Video Clip #9 (script 19:24 – 21:9) 7:24 MINUTES

Subconscious bias What does Donna tell us we need to do to suspend our judgment? Answer: see and suspend judgment, become curious, learn about the other What cultural model does this connect to of ours? Assume positive intent, Curiosity on the Mood Elevator, what “f’s” am I missing?

THINK ABOUT: Who are you willing to go out of your way for
THINK ABOUT: Who are you willing to go out of your way for ? CHAT: What is that based on? Legal Beegle Activity: For the next few minutes, reflect on the following questions: 1. What do you believe about poverty and the people who live in it? 2. Where did you get that information? 3. How does it impact who you go out of your way for, who you believe in, who you are willing to hear? I'd like to talk about that last Legal Beegle question in that video clip. Think about who you would be willing to go out of your way for and then in the chat share what that’s based on? Pause to allow participants time to reflect and share via Chat What theme do you notice in your responses? Based on a sense that someone is like you, you can relate to them in some way (care about them, feel close to them, want them to succeed) Transition: Ok, let’s look at the next of the five causes of communication breakdown.

Subconscious bias Distrust of outsiders/fear of professionals Differences in priorities/world views Differences in basic communication styles Differences in vocabulary and examples Distrust of outsiders/fear of professionals (the court system) What do you recall from our discussions yesterday related to this? Experiences with law enforcement shape biases; “run” mentality; when someone in poverty has a negative experience with law enforcement, it primes them to expect certain things in the future

Subconscious bias Distrust of outsiders/fear of professionals Differences in priorities/world views Differences in basic communication styles Differences in vocabulary and examples Differences in priorities/world views Different motivations can lead to judgment via the faulty attribution theory. Remind me from the last session, what is the Faulty Attribution Theory? Attributing motive to other people’s behavior (ex. not showing up because they’re lazy) “If they would just...” So, let's start to talk about how different motivations can contribute to communication breakdown.

What would you do if you received a large unexpected tax refund?
Send your answer over via Chat.

Middle Class Motivators
Student Loans Savings Vacation Middle Class Motivators Achievement Material Security Work CLICK The top three responses to this question are almost always: Student loans, savings, vacation. This makes sense because the middle class motivators are: CLICK Achievement Material security Work

Middle Class Motivators
Achievement Material Security Work Poverty Motivators Survival Relationship Relief (from stress) The same researchers say that those in poverty have different motivators: Survival Relationship Relief (from the stress)

Survival Relationship Relief (from stress) Poverty Motivators
So, given these motivators, what can you imagine that people in poverty might spend a large unexpected amount of money on? (chat) party, big screen TV, great cell phone

WHY would someone in poverty spend money on something like a great cell phone?
This is a question so many of our attorneys ask. Why should I be helping this person for free when they have a better cell phone than I do!! Well, why might it make sense for a person in poverty to have a cell phone? To have something of status, to be noticed by others, to have a way to stay in touch (when other modes of communication might be unstable), entertainment, day care, can be sold, easily transportable, is a computer as well as phone, etc. Why would someone in poverty buy a big flat screen TV? relief, status, family, party, day care, easily sold. So, these decisions make sense given the context we're in. But what impact does it have on our relationship with someone in poverty when they buy something we don't agree with? Have any of you felt less motivated to help someone when they made a decision you didn't agree with or understand?

Subconscious bias Distrust of outsiders/fear of professionals Differences in priorities/world views Differences in basic communication styles Differences in vocabulary and examples Differences in communication styles/Differences in vocabulary and examples We’re going to dig into the last two together, with special emphasis on communication styles. We’re going back into the video.

ORAL COMMUNICATORS PRINT COMMUNICATORS
VIDEO CLIP #12 (23:43 – 28:28) 9:57 MINUTES In the next clip, Donna is going to explain the difference between oral communicators and print communicators. Be listening for the differences between both and how you can tell an oral communicator from a print communicator. Jot those down as you hear them because we’ll debrief them when we come back together. Debrief: What are the characteristics of an oral communicator? (record on screen) What are the characteristics of a print communicator? (record on screen) Which are you? (From homework assessment – RUN POLL) Which are your clients probably? Which is our legal system? What problems may that create as you try to help? REINFORCE these key messages: Neither style of communication is better than the other. We are ALL wired for Oral Communication, we come into the world that way. We learn Print Communication. Many people facing the crisis of poverty do not have the luxury of reading for their primary information. They are in the “war zone” of poverty as Donna describes it. The context of poverty reinforces the need to communicate in a more word-of-mouth, oral-culture style. If you are communicating in a more print-culture style, you may be perceived as not caring or not connecting. The oral-culture communicator will see this as rejection and distance.

IDEATE: Strategies to Overcome Print vs. Oral Barriers
What are some ways you could overcome the barriers between print vs oral? Share ideas via Chat. 1. Share something about yourself that helps the client see you are just a person. 2. Put the person first, before paperwork or other distractions. 3. Notice and comment on something you have in common with your clients. Humans are way more alike than different. You can share feelings (I am feeling overwhelmed, excited, etc.) or something that goes beyond the task at hand and your role as attorney. Establishing identification with clients is essential to breaking poverty barriers. Transition: Identification is a way to create trust so you can connect to communicate to help.

What is IDENTIFICATION?
What is the difference between Level 1 disclosure and Level 2 disclosure? BONUS: What is Level 3 disclosure? VIDEO CLIP #11 (script, pages 23 – 26, various passages) 7:41 MINUTES As you listen to Donna talk about the power of Identification, I want you to hone in on the definition of Identification (jot it down) and the differences between Level 1 and Level 2 disclosure. BONUS points if you can share what Level 3 disclosure is.

IDENTIFICATION LEVEL ONE DISCLOSURE LEVEL TWO DISCLOSURE LEVEL THREE DISCLOSURE What is identification? It's when you see that you have someone in common with someone. And when that happens, we generally feel more connected. When people see how they are “like” each other, it builds common ground and improves communication. One very important basis of identification is values. We are attracted to people who have similar values and who see the world the way that we do. We might consider people weird if they have values that are different than our own. **Building identification requires self-disclosure. What was level one? (sharing information) What was level two? (sharing something about yourself that builds identification/common ground) BONUS: What do you recall about Level 3? (sharing your problems) It’s not necessary to go to Level 3 in order to create trust and rapport.

Flash Brainstorming in Breakout Groups
Ways to create rapport and trust with clients BREAKOUT GROUPS What are ways you can build rapport and trust with a client? What name do they prefer (and pronunciation) Warm tone, expression Body language A little more personable than "usual' Don’t put anything between you and the person (desk, clipboard, etc.) Ask permission to write things down/take notes 1. Be aware of your own bias, including internal feelings of discomfort around differences. With this awareness, you are more empowered to suspend judgment and share information to help clients succeed in the legal system. 2. Increase follow-through by self-disclosing something about yourself and allowing the client to see you as a real person whom she or he can identify with. Personal connection will go a long way toward showing your client that you are a real human being who cares about her or him. 3. Ensure the messages you send are the messages being heard by paraphrasing, restating with a variety of different examples, asking clarifying questions, and asking the client what she or he heard you say. 4. Be aware of the importance of welcoming facial expressions and positive body language to support your verbal communication. 5. Use visuals as much as possible to accommodate oral-culture communication styles (including drawing out next steps, using bullet points and graphs in written instructions, and using stories as a way to communicate information). 6. Do not expect people to know what may be obvious to you. Use your expertise to coach and navigate people through the legal process. 7. Use active listening techniques, such as suspending your thoughts about what you are going to say in response to the client. Avoid focusing on non-related subjects. Repeat back every so often what you hear to make sure you are understanding correctly and understanding the other person’s perspective, explanations, and rationale. 8. There are many lived experiences of poverty. One solution will not work for everyone. Obtain enough information from the client about her or his circumstances to customize your services and be flexible in response to the client’s choices of desired next steps. 9. Promote two-way communication (not just what you think would work for clients, but what they think would work best for themselves). 10. Ask open-ended questions to understand clients’ perspectives and try to stay away from questions that ask “why,” because they can put people on the defense. Instead, use statements such as, “Help me understand” or “Tell me a little more about...”

OBJECTIVE: Create a new “prime”
Criminalization of poverty Interactions with law enforcement Faulty attribution theory 4 types of poverty Resource barriers to legal system access Five main causes of communication breakdown: Subconscious bias Distrust of outsiders/fear of professionals Differences in priorities/world views Differences in basic communication styles Differences in vocabulary and examples Identification and ways to build trust Review what was covered over the two sessions. What did you find useful? What do you still feel unsure about or have questions about? What quiz questions do we still need to review?

Unsure Somewhat Yes! I do see people in poverty as worthy of help. I will be more successful helping people in poverty. I can contribute to improving my community because I understand poverty better. Recheck quiz... would you answer any differently now? You will see people in poverty worthy of help. You will be more successful helping people in poverty. You will contribute to improving your community because you’ll understand poverty better. Reflect on the one thing that was most valuable that you will be able to put to use in your work. Share in the Chat. Be specific. How will you put this to use? (Toss to Martha and Terrence for encouragement to volunteer.)

If you’re judging, you can’t connect
If you’re judging, you can’t connect. If you can’t connect, you can’t communicate. If you can’t communicate, you can’t help.

Slides 2 – 10, Opening: 15 min (12:00 – 12:15)

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Slides 2 – 10, Opening: 15 min (12:00 – 12:15)

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