1. Chapter 6 – Unit 1688-1763 – Four “world” wars
New World involved in each
Set the stage for American Independence

2. France finds a foothold in Canada:
1598 – Edict of Nantes – limited toleration
of French Huguenots (Protestants) – but
they were not allowed to go to New World
1608 – Samuel de Champlain – “Father of
New France – he established Quebec (“New
France”)

4. Huron Indian alliance with France (against the
Iroquois Confederacy
Intermarried with Indians – traded beaver fur
with them
Settled along the St. Lawrence River
Autocratic government – no elected assemblies
like the British colonies
Slow population growth – only 60,000 by 1750 –
therefore not a threat to Indian land like the
British

5. Coureurs de bois – “Runners of the Woods” – French frontiersmen
Jesuits – French Catholic missionaries
French explorers:
Antoine Cadillac – 1701, Detroit
Robert de La Salle – 1682, Mississippi to
Louisiana
New Orleans, 1718
Blocks the Spanish; mouth of the
Mississippi River; strategic location

6. The Clash of Empires King William’s War (1689-1697) and
Queen Anne’s War ( )
British colonists vs. coureurs de bois
(French frontiersmen)
Primitive guerrilla warfare
French & Indians were allies

7. Treaty of Utrecht

8. Now comes the BIG war! War of Jenkin’s Ear – (becomes King
George’s War)
British vs. Spanish (with help of France)
British won – peace treaty in 1748 returned
Louisbourg to France (New England colonists
were outraged at the crown for this!
Now comes the BIG war!

9. French and Indian War French and Indians vs. British (colonists) –
yes, the colonists are still British at this point!
The Ohio River Valley is a hot item! Everyone wants it. Why?
English encroachment disrupts French-Indian fur trade networks
British colonists want to move west; British speculators laid “legal” claim to 500,000 acres

10. The French want to link Canada with its Mississippi
holdings. Built Ft. Dusquesne at Ohio & Allegheny
Rivers
Both sides also want the very fertile land there and the link to the Mississippi River for trade.

11. George Washington Starts the War!
1754 Lt. Col. Washington sent to secure VA claim to land at Ft. Dusquesne
Virginians fire first and French retreat (that is after all, what they do best)
At Fort Necessity – the French return and Washington is forced to surrender his entire command (July 4, 1754)

12. French and Indian War 1st Anglo-French war started in New World
Started with George Washington
Became Europe’s Seven Years’ War
Britain & Prussia VS. France, Spain, Austria &
Russia
Fought on 7 seas
“(French) America was conquered in Germany”
-William Pitt

13. 1754 – Albany Congress Ben Franklin’s idea – “Join or Die”
Attempt at inter-colonial unity – unsuccessful because colonies didn’t want to give up individual power to a central authority

14. General “Bulldog” Braddock
1755 – Braddock had 2,000 men at Ft. Duquesne
French and Indians killed him & destroyed his
forces (guerilla warfare)
George Washington was Braddock’s aide – he had 2
horses shot out from under him, and 4 bullets pierced
his coat; he is left with 300 men to defend the
“scorched frontier” from Indian raids
1756 British launch full invasion of Canada, but British
don’t attack main forts at Quebec & Montreal, which
would have cut off supplies to other outposts

15. William Pitt – “Great Commoner” & “Organizer of Victory” 1757
Concentrated on Quebec-Montreal area
1758 – Ft. Louisbourg fell after siege
Quebec – French defeated and Montreal
fell in 1760
France lost all power in the New World!

16. Treaty of Paris - 1763 French kept sugar islands in the West Indies
French ceded Mississippi-Louisiana area to Spain
Spain exchanged Florida for Cuba with British
British dominant in North America & in the
oceans

17. Restless Colonists – Results of the F & I War
Colonists – increased confidence & military
strength – (20,000 American recruits in military
Shattered myth of British invincibility
Friction between British and Americans:
British refused to recognize militia commissions
above captain (G. Washington)
New spirit of independence among colonists

18. Another result of F & I War:
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Indians want to
keep British out of
Ohio country (1763)
British don’t want to pay to keep colonists safe out there, but the colonists are land hungry
Proclamation Line
of 1763:
Colonists can’t settle west of the Appalachian mountains!