1. UNIT 4 CHAPTER 15
SECTION 1
Germany
(pg )

2. Germany HISTORY Identify some key events in the history of Germany.
AD 700-Charlemagne unites Germanic tribes into a kingdom
German states join Holy Roman Empire
1300’s-100 north German towns create Hanseatic League-dominate trade in Baltic region
1700’s-Germany controlled by Hapsburg & Prussia (future Austro-Hungarian Empire)
1871-north & south German states unite
Germany prospering industry and military-army & navy among strongest in world

3. German rise to power causes nations to form alliances
Britain, France, Russia, US
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
–WWI Archduke Francis Ferdinand heir to the Austria-Hungary throne and his wife are assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist in Sarajevo.
1920—German economy collapses; food shortages, inflation, unemployment
Enter Hitler who rebuild military and allies with Italy and Japan
—WWII Germany invades Poland; 50 million people die
1949—NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) a political and military alliance treaty made by the Western Allies now consisting of 28 countries from America & Europe
1955—Warsaw Pact the military treaty between Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union which bound its signers to come to the aid of the others, should any one of them be the victim of foreign aggression. The Warsaw Pact was officially dissolved in 1991, after governments withdrew their support of the treaty.

4. West Germany –US, French & British. Democracy. Economy strong.
Allied winners of WWII divide Germany.
West Germany –US, French & British. Democracy. Economy strong.
East Germany—Soviet Union. Communism. Economy weak.
= Berlin Wall
1990—East & West Germany reunite

5. Germany CULTURE Describe some features of Germanic culture.
Government: Democratic
Capital=Berlin; Divided into 16 states-Bavaria is largest.
Language: German
Religion: 1/3 are Roman Catholic, many Protestants
Food: sausages, pork, veal, cheese
Environment: pollution concerns; strict laws
Free Time: hiking, camping

6. Germany ECONOMY Examine the German economy.
Member of EU
German language used in international businesses
Businesses manufacture:
machinery, cars, electronics, medical equipment
Agriculture:
grains, sugar beets, potatoes
Moving away from using nuclear power; import oil

7. Germany ISSUES & CHALLENGES Evaluate the issues & challenges faced by Germany.
Changing Population
Low birthrates = population declining
Longer life expectancies=older generations needing care
Turkish immigrants=invited to work in Germany in
1950’s and chose to stay
Standard of Living
Close ineffective factories = job loss
Pollution cleanup
Loss of gov’t controlled living

8. SECTION 2 The Alpine Countries (Austria & Switzerland) (pg 335-337)
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 15
Switzerland
SECTION 2
The Alpine Countries
(Austria & Switzerland)
(pg )
Austria

9. BOTH AUSTRIA & SWITZERLAND:
Are located in the Alps
Were settled by Germanic tribes after Roman Empire fell; Influenced by Germanic culture

10. Austria HISTORY, CULTURE & ECONOMY Describe some important features of Austria’s history, culture, & economy.
Settled by Germanic tribes
Became part of Holy Roman Empire
Austrian Empire created under Hapsburg control
1800’s—ruled Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and part sof East Europe
1867—agreed to share power with Hungary; became Austrian-Hungarian Empire (which ended after WWI)
After WWI-Hungary became independent and Austria became democratic-republic
WWII-Germany claims Austria; end war occupied by Allies
1955—Austria gains independence again

11. Language: German
Religion: Roman Catholic
Vienna: on Danube River (home to Mozart & Beethoven)
Member of EU
Economy: Industries of steel, machines, & chemicals;
forestry, hydropower, wood, glass, ski resorts

12. Switzerland HISTORY, CULTURE & ECONOMY Analyze the political, cultural, & economic features of Switzerland.
1200’s—began to separate from Austria
1600’s—became independent
Today—confederation (group of states joined for common purpose) of 26 cantons (states)
Federal govt controls defense, social programs & international relations; each state controls their own everything else

13. Languages: German, French, Italian, Romansh, (English becoming 5th language) (multi-lingual people)
Religion: Roman Catholic & Protestant
Cities: Bern, Geneva, Zurich
Not a member of the EU. Why? Neutral-don’t take sides
Economy: international banking, insurance, watches, cheese & chocolate
Challenge: Pollution harmed 35% of forests; limit tree cutting

14. (Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 15
Latvia
SECTION 3
Poland and the Baltics
(Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)
(pg )
Poland

15. Poland & the Baltics HISTORY Trace the history of Poland and the Baltic countries.
Poland occupied by Russia, Prussia, Austria
Baltics occupied by Russia
1910
Poland & Baltics become independent after WWI
1940
Soviet Union occupies Poland
1980
Poland breaks from Communism
1991
Baltic countries become independent

16. Poland HISTORY Trace the history of Poland and the Baltic countries.
Language: Polish
Religion: Roman Catholic
Cities: Warsaw (WWII-Germans invaded and placed Jews in a ghetto)
Economy: auto and glass manufacturing
EU: joined 2004; Poland needs more economic progress before it can use euro

17. Auschwitz,Poland
Site of the largest Nazi concentration camp during WWII-more than 4 million Jewish, Roma (Gypsies), Polish, & Soviet people died.

18. Baltics HISTORY Trace the history of Poland and the Baltic countries.
All Baltic Countries:
--trying to rebuild economies & clean up pollution after Communist rule
--Trade essential
Latvia
Ties to Sweden from trade
Lithuania
Culturally tied to Poland
Religion: Roman Catholic
Estonia
Language: related to Finnish
Religion: Lutheran

19. SECTION 4 The Czech Republic, Slovakia, & Hungary (pg 342-345)
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 15
SECTION 4
The Czech Republic,
Slovakia, & Hungary
(pg )
Hungary
Slovakia

20. The Czech Republic, Slovakia, & Hungary HISTORY Identify similarities & differences in the histories of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, & Hungary.
Were all once part of Austrian-Hungarian empire.
Became independent after WWI.
All occupied by Soviet Union after WWII-
had Communist governments until Soviets lost control in 1990’s.
Czechoslovakia was a complementary region based on Czech resources and industries and Slovak agriculture. They split into 2 countries in 1993.

21. The Czech Republic & Slovakia Describe the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Language: Czech
Religion: Roman Catholic 40%;no religion 40%
Cities: Prague
Economy: steel & glass
EU: joined 2004
SLOVAKIA
Language: Slovak
Cities: Bratislava
Culture: folk art & music

22. Hungary Language: Magyar (Finnish, Asian origins)
Religion: Roman Catholic -2/3
Cities: Budapest
Economy: farming
EU: joined 2004