1. Anatomy and Physiology
Objectives:
Describe the branches of Anatomy and Physiology
Recognize the main functions of each organ system.

2. Anatomy: The study of STRUCTURE.
Gross Anatomy:
Large, easily observable structures. (Ex: Heart, bones)
Microscopic Anatomy:
Structures too small to observe with the naked eye.
Cytology – the study of cells
Histology – the study of tissues

3. Physiology – The study of FUNCTON.
Ex: Cardiac Physiology: study of the function of the heart

4. Organization in Living Things
Cells are made of organic molecules:
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids make up the cell and organelles.
AtomsCellsTissuesOrganOrgan SystemOrganism

5. Organization in Living Things
Damage at any level can affect the health and functioning of the organism.

6. Systems of Support Integumentary System: The Skin
The external covering of the body, AKA skin!!
Functions:
Waterproofs the body
Protects the deeper tissues from injury
Excretes salts and urea in perspiration
Regulates body temperature

7. Systems of Support Skeletal System Muscular System
Serves as a framework of support
Protects internal organs
Muscular System
Skeletal muscles make up the muscular system.
Contract/shorten for movement, heat production

8. Systems of Control Nervous System Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands
The body’s fast-acting control system
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands
Regulates gradual changes within the body, with chemical controllers called hormones.
Includes: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Adrenals, Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, Ovaries, and Testes.

9. Systems that maintain Homeostasis
Cardiovascular System: Heart, Blood Vessels
Delivery & transport of gases, nutrients and wastes
Respiratory System: Lungs
Gas exchange (carbon dioxide  oxygen)
Consists of nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

10. Systems that maintain Homeostasis
Digestive System
Alimentary Canal: A tube running through the body from mouth to anus.
Breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
Include mouth, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, and rectum.
Urinary System
Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.
Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

11. Systems that maintain Homeostasis
Lymphatic/Immune System:
Defends body against pathogens, infection and disease
Reproductive System:
Main function is producing offspring
Produces gametes (egg and sperm)
Male’s R.S includes: sperm, testes, scrotum, penis, duct systems.
Female’s R.S includes: Ovaries, eggs, uterine tubes, vagina, and uterus.