1. the crisis that just never ends
War, Refugees, and
the crisis that just never ends
Sudan

3. Here are the questions we will answer in this study of Sudan.
Who are the “Lost Boys,” who fled from the 2nd civil war?
The Darfur uprising lead to a refugee crisis. Where are the world’s refugees and what is life like in a refugee camp?
What are the differences between the northern and southern regions of Sudan that help explain why the country divided the way it did?

4. How and when did it all begin?
The first civil war took place from 1955 to 1972.
The second civil war took place from 1983 to 2005.
Sudan split into 2 countries in 2011.
We will learn more about the events and stories in the next few slides, in videos, and in readings.

5. Read the story of the Lost Boys from UNICEF.
Read the story of the Lost Boys from UNICEF.
Create a timeline of events that you read.

6. Many of the Lost Boys eventually settled in the United States.
Watch the following videos and be prepared to discuss the questions that follow.
A sense of place and community – life back in Sudan
- Describe the boys’ life in Sudan.
- A person without culture is like…
2. Cultural differences
- Describe at least 3 new cultural experiences of the Lost Boys once they left Africa.

7. So what happened in Darfur?
Radio Netherlands map
So what happened in Darfur?
Source: Oxfam

8. 1. How did the crisis in Darfur get started?
1. How did the crisis in Darfur get started?
Darfur is a western region in Sudan. African rebels attacked a government military base in Darfur in The rebels said that the government ignored their needs.
2. How did the government react?
The Sudanese government sent their militias, called the janjaweed. The janjaweed bombed villages, killed villagers, and burned their homes. (Janjaweed is an Arabic word for “devils on horseback.”)
3. How serious is this crisis?
Between 200,000 and 450,000 people have been killed. About 2.5 million have been displaced and are living in refugee camps.

9. Northern Sudan Southern Sudan Arabs Africans Nomads, herders farmers
4. What are other reasons that there is conflict between different groups in Sudan?
Northern Sudan Southern Sudan
Arabs Africans
Nomads, herders farmers
Mostly Muslims mostly Christians
**Some people say that the Arab government really just wants the Africans off their land so they can have the resources like oil.***
Check out this website: Satellites had monitored villages for activity. While this has been discontinued, the human rights issues continue in Darfur, though less since 2009.

10. What have other countries and groups done to help?
African Union troops – when they’ve been allowed
Instant Karma – Music CD
Humanitarian aid – U.S. and many others
Global Day to raise awareness
Pressure on China – China buys a lot of Sudanese oil. Some people say that China could refuse to buy the oil and the Sudanese government would have to change. China has not agreed to this, so some say countries should put more pressure on China by boycotting the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.

11. Result –
1.8 million –internally displaced refugees, mostly in camps
Over 2 million – refugees, internally displaced, or entering Sudan from another country
(Dec – UN High Commission on Refugees)

12. The people and the camps
This camp, Farchana, was built for 12,000, but now has about 20,000 refugees.
Take a few minutes to look at the next slides which show refugee camps in Darfur.

13. Water
A separate watering trough for donkeys helps keep water-borne disease from spreading.
Sometimes water must be trucked in from miles away.
Credit: Nicola Reindorp / Oxfam

14. Sanitation

15. Health Dense population means infection can spread more quickly.
Environmental hazards, such as blowing dust, can bring disease, such as trachoma, an eye infection

16. Health
Aid workers often hand out soap, buckets, and other supplies to help people with cleanliness and to keep disease from spreading.
Dehydration, diarrhea, and malnutrition are a constant concern. Foreign aid is all that keeps these people going until they can return home and plant crops and care for animals as they have done for centuries.

17. Shelter Abu Shouk camp in North Darfur. 44,000 people live here.
Shelter is made from plastic sheets lashed to metal frames.

18. Food
Notice the bean garden in the photo. These women will either feed their families with the beans or sell them to buy other things they need.

19. Food Making aseeda (millet porridge.)
Often some of the food ration is sold for oil, firewood, onion, and salt to use to prepare the food.

20. school
These kids attend school in the morning. Later they play in the sand or help their mothers gather wood and water.

21. are from an exhibit called Doctors without Borders
The next few slides
are from an exhibit called
“Refugee Camp in
The City” by
Doctors without Borders
that was shown
in Minneapolis.

22. landmines

28. Answer with a partner: 1) In what ways might Africa’s refugee
problem hurt all Africans?
2) How might the refugee problem keep governments from building roads and providing services such as education and health care?
3) How can and should countries like the U.S. help?

29. Why did Sudan split where it did?
Analyze the maps you are given and fill out the chart comparing Sudan and South Sudan.

30.
South Sudan today