1. THE GROWTH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMALS
The Standard of Competency:
Understanding concept of growing and developing of plants, animals, and human beings
Basic Competency:
Understanding concepts of growing and developing of animals.
SMK N 1 JEPARA

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OBJECTIVE
The students are expected to be able to describe the differences of growing and developing processes and reproduction of animals.
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3. THE GROWTH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMALS
Can be grouped into 2 phases:
Fase of embryonic (split, blastulation, gastrulation, morphogenesis, embryonic inducton, differentials & specialisation, organogeneis)
Fase of after embrionic (metamorphosis, regeneration).
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4. PHASE OF ZYGOTE CHANGING INTO EMBRYO
Phase of morula; cells stay together to form structures like mulberry fruit called morula.
Phase of blastula; morula changes its structure in to a kind of ball and it has cavity inside called blastula.
Phase of gastrula; cells in blastula compose themselves to form 2 or 3 layers of cell called gastrula. Gastrula has 2 layer of cells and develop to be endoderm and extoderm, it is called diploblastic animals. Gastrula of animals has 3 layers of cell, i.e, endodermis, mesoderm and extoderm. They are included in tripoblastic animals.
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5. TRIPLOBLASTIC ANIMALS
Cells of every cell layer will go through differentiation and specialization processes. The cells will grow to be various tissues and body organs as follows:
Endoderm
Cells which cover inside parts of digestion system circulation system and other tissues and organs such as lever and lungs.
Mesoderm
It becomes muscles, bones, kidneys, blood, sexual glands, testical or ovarium, and bonding tissues.
Ectoderm
Nerve system, skin, hair, nails, sweat glaud, and secretion lines.
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METAMORPHOSIS
Metamorphosis is the changes of larva to young adult (imago)
Metamorphosis of green frog:
Inside fish gills (after 8 days)
The lid of fish gills (after 12 days)
Back legs (after 2 ½ months)
Front legs (after 2 ½ - 3 months)
Metamorphosis is done (more then 3 months)
In leaf caterpillars metamorphosis happens perfectly (holometabola). It means the change of one phase to another is observed clearly.
The metamorphosis of dragon fly is not perfect (hemimetabola).
Picture. Metamorphosis of: a. leaf caterpillars (holometabola) and b. dragon fly (hemimetabola).
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REGENERATION
Regeneration is the recovery processes of damage body on organs.
Regeneration does not make a new organ. It can be found in stem cells in the body, that are ready to spilt to multiply when needed for changing the damaged tissues of cell. The cells are not differentiated yet.
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8. THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF REPTILE AND AVES
In reptiles (such as lizard and turtles) and aves (such as birds and chickens), embryos grows in egg cells.
The egg cells contain lots reserve of food for embryo growth and situated in egg shells.
The egg cells should be warmed up at a certain temperature for hatching.
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9. THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAMALS
Mammals embryo grows in mother’s uterus and get nutrition and oxygen from the mother through placenta with placenta card’s medium.
The period of embryo growth up to birth (fetus) is called pregnancy period (gestasi)
Placenta can not be found in peak duck having animals (ornithorynchus) because it is ovipar. Adult duck will feed its fetus after the eggs break out.
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THANK YOU
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COMPILED BY:
SMK N 1 JEPARA
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