1. Topic 5: Oral Communication and Non Verbal Communication
Ref: Pinner, D Communication Skills ch.15 pp , ch16 pp , ch.21 pp

2. Different Occasions Report on training session attended
Welcome and introduce new staff or guests
Submit planning or budget proposals
Brief colleagues before a meeting
Explain a new procedure
Demonstrate new technology
Oral summary of a written report

3. Confident Speaker prepare thoroughly by establishing your purpose
analyzing your audience
structuring your material and visual reinforcement
rehearsing your material
The three main elements are therefore preparation, presentation and practice.

4. Preparation Audience Analysis Who is my audience?
What is the audience’s knowledge of the subject?
Why are these people attending this presentation?
What is their occupational relationship to the speaker?
What is their level of education and training?
What information/techniques are likely to hold the audience’s attention?

5. Choose Your Topic If topic hasn’t been assigned…
Choose a topic that will interest your audience
You feel confident about
Keep their age, gender and ethnicity in mind when choosing your topic.

6. Establish Your Purpose
To Inform
To reassure
To entertain
To analyze
To motivate
To persuade

7. Research Talk to colleagues Visit libraries
Collect cuttings from newspapers and journals
Interview
Consultation
Surveys

8. Structure
Attention getter
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

9. Presentation Posture Position yourself in the middle of the room
Avoid leaning on the table
Avoid any distracting habits
Stand at the side while referring to visuals/ charts

10. Eye Contact Look at your audience
Move your eyes around the room and make your audience feel part of the presentation.
Avoid staring at the ceiling or the wall at the back of the room.
Don’t stare at one person as well!

11. Voice Talk loud enough Try to sound enthusiastic about your topic.
Bring variation in your voice
Pronounce your words clearly.
You should be able to develop the appropriate mood.

12. Avoid reading from a written script. Refer to speaker notes
Other Tips
Avoid reading from a written script.
Refer to speaker notes
Refer to your visual aids at the appropriate time
Make use of your visual aids at appropriate time

13. Practice Keep your material to a manageable length.
Practice talking in front of a helpful crowd
Talk in front of a mirror
Keep within the time limit
End with an impression!

14. DEFINITION
NVC is any message you give other than the literal, interpretation of your words, the way you move, speak, appear.

15. DEFINITION
NVC is defined as all communication apart from words. This form of communication is both instinctive & acquired, & takes place consciously & unconsciously.

16. NON -VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NVC consists of more than personal appearance & behaviour. It encompasses all sensory perceptions: sight, hearing, smell, touch as well as intuitive perception.

17. TYPES OF NVC NVC can be broadly divided into six categoris:
Body language (kinesics)
Physical characteristics and appearance
Voice (paralanguage)
Space (proxemics)
Environment
Time

18. BODY
Body language includes:
Postures
Gestures
Face and eyes

19. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS & SPACE
Hair – the color of the hair and style say a lot to the observer
Clothing – we usually dress to suit the occasion. Clothing is also linked to appearance and personality
Accessories – consider tattoos, handbags, earrings, chains etc

20. VOICE
Tells a great deal about speaker’s emotional taste - how words are said and used.
The most important aspect of voice seems to be inflection – volume, rate, tone and pitch that impacts the audience’s comprehension.

21. SPACE AROUND YOU
NVC communication also indicates the ways you communicate through distance, or the space around you.

22. STANDING There are four zones of space:
public space (over 12 feet), e.g. stage
social space (4-12 feet), e.g. talking to a stranger
personal space (18 inches to 4 feet), e.g. talking to a friend
intimate space (0 to 18 inches), e.g. comforting…. making love!

23. SEATING & TOUCHING
Seating – status is also indicated by seating arrangements
Touching – also an important kind of NVC. Where do we touch? Acceptable places are hands, shoulders and arms. It can communicate encouragement, support or warmth. Some cultures this may be dangerous.

24. ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS AROUND YOU
.Color, light, temperature, smell, and music all affect our behavior.

25. TIME
In the Western society ‘Time is Money’. Westerners are used to deadlines.
In Muslim countries deadlines are regarded as demanding and rude.
Being late for an interview indicates a lot.

26. SILENCE
Also indicates a lot. Silence is used to mark respect or total opposition to the situation.

27. “A warm smile is the universal language of kindness,” William Arthur Ward