1. The rate of change of velocity.
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity.

2. The maximum displacement of a point from its rest position.
Amplitude
The maximum displacement of a point from its rest position.

3. Boiling
The process in which energy absorbed by a substance results in a change of state from liquid to gas, without a change in temperature.

4. The point through which the whole weight of an object appears to act.
Centre of Gravity
The point through which the whole weight of an object appears to act.

5. Condensation
The process in which energy taken away from substance results in a change of state from gas to liquid, without a change in temperature.

6. Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy through a medium without any flow of the medium.

7. Convection
The transfer of thermal energy by means of current movement in a fluid (liquid or gas), due to a difference in density.

8. Critical Angle
The angle of incidence in an optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the optically less dense medium is 90°.

9. Density
Mass per unit volume.

10. Displacement
Shortest distance from initial to the final position of an object, taking direction into consideration. A vector quantity.

11. Length of path taken by an object. A scalar quantity.
Distance
Length of path taken by an object. A scalar quantity.

12. The repetition of sound due to the reflection of sound.
Echo
The repetition of sound due to the reflection of sound.

13. Rate of flow of electric charge.
Electric Current
Rate of flow of electric charge.

14. A region in which an electric charge experiences an electric force.
Electric Field
A region in which an electric charge experiences an electric force.

15. Electric Force
The attractive or repulsive force that electric charges exert on one another.

16. Electromagnetic Induction
The process through which an induced EMF is produced in a conductor due to a charging magnetic field.

17. Electromotive Force (EMF)
The work done by the source in driving a unit charge around a complete circuit.

18. Energy
The ability to do work.

19. Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction
The magnitude of the induced EMF in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux in the circuit.

20. First Law of Reflection
The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

21. The distance between the optical centre and focal point.
Focal Length
The distance between the
optical centre and focal point.

22. The number of oscillations produce per second.
Frequency
The number of oscillations produce per second.

23. Friction
The contact force that opposes or tends to oppose motion between surfaces in contact.

24. Gravitational Field
A region in which a mass experiences a force due to gravitation attraction.

25. Gravitational Field Strength
The gravitational force acting per unit mass.

26. Gravitational Potential Energy
Amount of work done in order to raise the body to the height from a reference point.

27. Heat
Refers to the amount of thermal energy that is being transferred from a hotter to a colder region.

28. Heat Capacity
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 Kelvin.

29. Ice Point
The lower fixed point.
It is the temperature of pure melting ice at one atmosphere, and it is assigned a value of 0°C..

30. Inertia
The reluctance of an object to change its state of rest or motion, due to its mass.

31. The energy a body possesses due to its motion.
Kinetic Energy
The energy a body possesses due to its motion.

32. Kinetic Model of Matter
The theory that tiny particles that make up matter are always in continuous random motion.

33. Latent Heat
The energy released or absorbed by a substance during a change of state, without a change in its temperature.

34. Latent Heat of Fusion
The amount of thermal energy required to change a substance from one solid state to liquid state, without a change in its temperature.

35. Latent Heat of Vaporisation
The amount of thermal energy required to change a substance from one liquid state to gaseous state, without a change in its temperature.

36. Lenz’s Law
The direction of the induced EMF and hence the induced current in a closed circuit is always such that its magnetic effect opposes the motion or change producing it.

37. Waves that travel parallel to the direction of the vibration.
Longitudinal Waves
Waves that travel parallel to the direction of the vibration.

38. Loudness
Related to the amplitude of a sound wave – the larger the amplitude, the louder the sound.

39. Magnetic Field
The region surrounding a magnet, in which a body of magnetic material experiences a magnetic force.

40. The amount of matter in a body.
Mass
The amount of matter in a body.

41. Melting
The process in which energy absorbed by a substance results in a change of state from solid to liquid, without a change in temperature.

42. Moment of a Force
The product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.

43. Motor Effect
A current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field.

44. Newton’s First Law of Motion
Every object will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless a resultant force acts on it.

45. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
When a resultant force acts on an object of a constant mass, the object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force. The product of the mass and acceleration of the object gives the resultant force.

46. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

47. Ohm’s Law
The current passing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided the physical conditions remain constant.

48. A complete to-and-fro movement of an object.
Oscillation
A complete to-and-fro movement of an object.

49. Time taken for one complete oscillation.
Period
Time taken for one complete oscillation.

50. Pitch
Related to the frequency of a sound wave – the higher the frequency of a sound wave, the higher the pitch.

51. The work done to drive a unit charge through the component.
Potential Difference
The work done to drive a unit charge through the component.

52. Potential Divider
A line of resistors connected in series. It is used to provide a fraction of the voltage of a source to another part of the circuit.

53. The rate of work done or rate of energy conversion.
Power
The rate of work done or rate of energy conversion.

54. The force acting per unit area.
Pressure
The force acting per unit area.

55. Principle of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another. The total energy in an isolated system is constant.

56. When a body is in equilibrium, the
Principle of Moments
When a body is in equilibrium, the
sum of clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to the
sum of anti-clockwise moments
about the same pivot.

57. Radiation
The transfer of thermal energy in the form of a electromagnetic waves such as infrared radiation without the aid of a medium.

58. The bending of light as it passes from one optical medium to another.
Refraction
The bending of light as it passes from one optical medium to another.

59. Resistance
The ratio of the potential difference across it to the current flowing through it.

60. Second Law of Reflection
The angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection.

61. Quantities in that have
Scalar Quantities
Quantities in that have
magnitude only.

62. Solidification
The process in which energy taken away from a substance results in a change of state from liquid to solid, without a change in temperature.

63. Sound
A form of energy that is transferred from one point to another as a longitudinal wave through vibration of particles in the medium.

64. Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 Kelvin.

65. Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
The amount of thermal energy required to change unit mass of the substance from one solid state to liquid state, without a change in its temperature.

66. Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation
The amount of thermal energy required to change unit mass of the substance from one liquid state to gaseous state, without a change in its temperature.

67. The distance moved per unit time.
Speed
The distance moved per unit time.

68. Steam Point
The upper fixed point. It is the temperature of steam from water boiling at one atmosphere, and is assigned a value of 100°C.

69. Transverse Waves
Waves with particles that travel perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.

70. Refers to how hot or cold an object is.
Temperature
Refers to how hot or cold an object is.

71. Terminal Velocity
The velocity of an object reached in free fall where its weight is equal to the
air resistance
against it.

72. Total Internal Reflection
The complete reflection of a light ray side in an optically denser medium at its boundary with an optically less dense medium.

73. Transformer
A device that can change a high alternating voltage/current to a low alternating voltage/current, or vice versa.

74. Ultrasound
A sound with frequencies above the upper limit of the human range of audibility.

75. both magnitude and direction.
Vector Quantities
Quantities that have
both magnitude and direction.

76. Rate of change of displacement.
Velocity
Rate of change of displacement.

77. Wavefront
A imaginary line on a wave that joins all adjacent points that are in phase.

78. The shortest distance between any two points with the same phase.
Wavelength
The shortest distance between any two points with the same phase.

79. The distance travelled by a wave per second.
Wavespeed
The distance travelled by a wave per second.

80. The gravitational force, or gravity, acting on an object.
Weight
The gravitational force, or gravity, acting on an object.

81. Work Done
The product of the force and the distance moved by the object in the direction of the force.