1. Teknik Kendaraan Ringan
TIRE AND WHEEL
Teknik Kendaraan Ringan
Semester 2nd Class X
Kompetensi Kejuruan
SK-KD 11TH

2. DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI

3. TIRE What is a tire made of. What percent of a tire is rubber?
What is a pneumatic tire?
What is the difference
between radial & bias ply tires ?
Why are tires black?
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4. Actual components that go into a tire.
Carbon Black
Synthetic Rubber
Fiberglass
Aramid
Brass
Raw Rubber
Steel
Nylon
Polyester
Rayon
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5. What percent of a tire is rubber?
By weight, give or take 30%
By volume, quite a bite more.
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6. What Is Pneumatic Tire?
Filled by air, especially compressed air: a pneumatic tire (dictionary definition).
All tires manufactured today are considered Pneumatic tires.
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7. Who Invented The First Tire?
It was invented in 1888, by John Dunlop.
This would be the end of the solid tire.
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8. Why are Tires Black? To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays.
A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy.
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9. Bias Ply Tire
A bias ply tire has plies running at an angle from bead to bead.
The cord angle is also reversed from ply to ply.
Tread is bonded directly to the top ply.
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10. Belted Bias Tire
Is a bias tire with belts added to increase tread stiffness.
These belts are also ran at a different angle.
These belts only lie on the tread area and not on the side walls, like cords.
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11. Radial Ply Tire
Has plies running straight across from bead to bead with stabilizer belts lying directly beneath the tread.
This results in the radial having flexible side wall, but a stiff tread.
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12. Tire Cutaway
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13. Cooper Tire Cutaway
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14. Tire Sidewall
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15. Tire Numbering System
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16. Tire Size
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17. Tire Size
If you switch tire size on a car you can mess up the speedometer to figure out how close you are do the math to figure out the diameter.
For a 205/75R15 tire it would look like this
205 X .75 x 2 ÷ =
Tire size X Aspect ratio X 2 ÷ Rim size
100
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18. Aspect Ratio
Percentage of tires height in relation to it’s width A 60 series tire height will be 60% of the width. The aspect ratio can be a 40,50, 60,65,70,75,78
These are some of the most common ones.
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19. SERVICE DESCRIPTION
On some performance tires, you will notice some additional numbers and letters located at the end of the tire size.
For Example: P185/70R14 92S
In this example the 92S is called the SERVICE DESCRIPTION. The Service Description consists of two parts, the LOAD INDEX and the SPEED RATING. You'll notice the Speed Rating “S” has been moved from the old Metric size system of: 185/70SR14 to P185/70R14 92S
The SPEED RATING is a letter which designates the rating achieved on indoor wheel testing.
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20. Load Index
The LOAD INDEX is a number ranging from 0 to 279 and covers load capacities from the smallest motorcycle tires to those for the largest earth mover tires. In passenger car tires, the load index typically ranges from 75 to 100.
As in aspect ratio where the operative word was ratio, in load index the operative word here is index. An index is a point of reference or a chart to refer to find information. All tire guides used by retail tire stores have them and they have load index charts in them. By referring to the load index chart in the Tire Guide you can determine the maximum load carrying capacity of a tire size from using the load index number at the end of the P-Metric size.
For Example:
Load Index Max Load (lbs.)
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21. Speed Rating Rating Maximum Speed Q 99 mph S 112 mph T 118 mph
U mph
H mph
V mph
W mph
Y mph
Z Above 149 mph
from goodyear
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22. Effects of speed on a tire
Tires are tested under Laboratory conditions they are not worn out, are properly inflated, not over loaded, damaged or altered.
Just because they have a speed rating does not mean the car is safe to drive at those speeds
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23. Tire pressure Tire pressure should be check monthly
Tire pressure should be checked cold
for every 10° Fahrenheit change in air temperature, your tire's inflation pressure will change by about 1 psi
The air pressure in the tire supports the car, make sure that it is the right amount.
If you check the air pressure inside the shop at a temperature of 70° will the tires be the right pressure when it goes outside at 0°?
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24. Effects of low tire pressure Overinflation
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25. Effects of low tire pressure Underinflation
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26. Tire Defects Separations Bulges sidewall separations
tread tearing, chunking
shoulder cracking
Sidewall cracking
Weather cracking
Breaks in sidewall/tread
Excessive radial runout
diameter
Excessive lateral runout
width
Conicity
not level accross tread
cone shaped
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27. Tire Defects
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28. Tire Defects
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29. Tire Defects
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30. Wheels steel \ cast Off set Bump steer Scrub Radius
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31. Static balance
Equals wheel tramp
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32. Dynamic Balance
equals wobble
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33. Bibliography: The Tire Rack Online Performance Source
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34. Presented by Aloysius Sudibyo SMK Negeri 1 Magelang
Thanks very much
Presented by Aloysius Sudibyo
SMK Negeri 1 Magelang