1. Miss O’Boyle Mrs Chowdhury
PHONICS IN kS1
Miss O’Boyle
Mrs Chowdhury

2. What is phonics?
It's all about sounds. There are 44 sounds in the English language, which we put together to form words.
Some are represented by one letter, like 't', and some by two or more, like 'ck' in duck and 'air' in chair.
Children are taught the sounds first, then how to match them to letters, and finally how to use the letter sounds for reading and spelling.
Synthetic phonics refers to 'synthesising', or blending, the sounds to read words. It's based on the idea that children should sound out unknown words and not rely on their context.

3. Enunciation
Teaching phonics requires a technical skill in enunciation. Phonemes should be articulated clearly and precisely.
Video clip

4. In school, we follow the Letters and Sounds programme
In school, we follow the Letters and Sounds programme. Letters and Sounds is a phonics resource published by the Department for Education and Skills which consists of six phases

5. Technical terms
Phoneme:
Grapheme:
Consonant cluster
Consonant diagraph
Vowel diagraph
Split Vowel diagraph

6. Technical terms
Phoneme: The smallest unit of sound in a word.
Grapheme: Letter(s) representing the phoneme: t, ai
Consonant cluster: Two or three phonemes blended together in speech. You hear each sound separately and there is a letter to represent each sound (scr, bl, -mp)
Consonant diagraph: Two consonants making one phoneme. We can no separate them: we do not hear them individually (-ck, -ss, sh, ch-)
Vowel diagraph: Two letters (one of which is vowel) making one vowel sound. (ai, ee, ow)
Split Vowel diagraph: Two letters making the same sounds even though they are forced apart. (tale, flute)

7. Phase 2 Set 1: s, a, t, p Set 2: i, n, m, d Set 3: g, o, c, k
Set 4: ck, e, u, r
Set 5: h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss

8. Phase 3 Set 6: j, v, w, x Set 7: y, z, zz, qu
Consonant digraphs: ch, sh, th, ng
Vowel digraphs: ai, ee, igh, oa, oo, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ear, air, ure, er

9. Phase 4
This phase consolidates all the children have learnt in the previous phases.

10. Phase 5
Children will be taught new graphemes and alternative pronunciations for these graphemes.
Vowel digraphs: wh, ph, ay, ou, ie, ea, oy, ir, ue, aw, ew, oe, au
Split digraphs: a_e, e_e, i_e, o_e, u_e

11. Blending – recognising the letter sounds in a written word for example c-u-p, and merging the letters together to make one sound.

12. Breaking down words for spelling - blending
cat
c a t

13. Queen
qu ee n

14. CVC – words – Can you spot the words which are not cvc words?
Pig
Ship
Boy
Fill
Song
Day
whizz
Chick
Car
Cow
Whip
For
Miss
Huff

18. As we move forward through the phonic phases the same sound can be represented in more than one way. For example the ‘ur’ sounds can be found in these words:
Burn
First
Term
Heard
Work
So we need to teach the children to make the correct grapheme choices.

19. Grapheme choices
smay smai
stroyn stroin
clou clow
froat frowt
cryt cright
glayn glain
groy groi

20. What does a phonics lesson look like in school.
Revisit/review
Flashcards to practice phonemes learnt so far.
Teach
Teach new phoneme air
Practice
Buried treasure
Air, zair, fair, hair, lair, pair, vair, sair, thair
Apply
Read captions:
The goat had a long beard.
The quack was right in his ear.

21. Year 1 phonics screening check

22. Phonics screening Check
The Phonics Screening Check is meant to show how well your child can use the phonics skills they’ve learned up to the end of Year 1, and to identify students who need extra phonics help.
The checks consist of 40 words and non-words that your child will be asked to read one-on-one with a teacher. Non-words (or nonsense words, or pseudo words) are a collection of letters that will follow phonics rules your child has been taught, but don’t mean anything – your child will need to read these with the correct sounds to show that they understand the phonics rules behind them.
The 40 words and non-words are divided into two sections – one with simple word structures of three or four letters, and one with more complex word structures of five or six letters. The teacher administering the check with your child will give them a few practice words to read first – including some non-words – so they understand more about what they have to do. Each of the non-words is presented with a picture of a monster / alien, as if the word were their name (and so your child doesn't think the word is a mistake because it doesn't make sense!).

23. The phonics journey continues…
Into KS2 and throughout…. And into KS3 if necessary
If children can not remember the 44 phonemes. We need to remind them and continue the
journey.
Lets have a go at some of the activities. If you have any questions please ask us!