1. Bolonha, 3-6 March 2014 Module: Seismicity and seismic risk
Mário Lopes
Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitectura e Geo-Recursos do Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa
Bolonha, 3-6 March 2014

2. 2 – Natural effects, consequences and mitigation
2.1 - Seismic effects on the Earth surface
Fault movements
Soil vibrations
Soil effects – landslides, liquefaction, subsidence
Tsunamis
Fires and Contaminations

3. Faults movements (at the Earth surface)
Turkey, 1999
Turkey, 1999
Guatemala, 1976

4. Turkey, 1999

5. Turkey, 1999 (Barka)

6. Taiwan, 1999

7. Soil vibrations
(80% of the effects)

8. Turkey,1999

9. Turkey,1999

10. Turkey,1999

11. Turkey,1999

12. Turkey,1999

13. Turkey,
1999

14. Turkey,1999

15. Turkey,1999

16. Turkey,1999

17. Turkey,1999

18. Mexico City, 1985

19. Mexico City, 1985

20. Leninakan, Armenia, 1988

21. Turkey,1999

22. Turkey,1999

23. Turkey,1999

24. Azores, Portugal, 1998

25. Azores, Portugal, 1998

26. Azores, Portugal, 1998

27. Azores, Portugal, 1998

28. Olive View Hospital, S. Fernando earthquake, USA, 1971.

29. Oakland, Loma Prieta earthquake, 1988

31. Pre-fabricated building
Arménia, 1988

34. Before the earthquake
After the earthquake
Sylmar substation, San Fernando earthquake, USA, 1971

35. Soil effects – landslides

36. Azores, Portugal, 1998

37. Japan, 1964 (?)

38. El Salvador, 2001

40. Soil effects - liquefaction
Adapazari, Turkey, 1999

41. Adapazari, Turkey, 1999

42. Nigata, Japan, 1964 (?)

43. Kobe,
Japan,
1995

44. Nigata, Japan, 1964

45. Loma Prieta, USA, 1989

46. Soil effects - subsidence
Golçuk, Turkey, 1999

47. Golçuk,
Turkey,
1999

48. Golçuk, Turkey, 1999

49. Golçuk, Turkey, 1999

50. Tsunamis

52. China, ?

53. Samatra, Indonesia, 2004

54. Samatra, Indonesia, 2004

55. Samatra, Indonesia, 2004

56. Fires and contaminations
Kobe, Japan, 1995

57. Izmit refineries, Turkey,1999

59. Fukushima, Japan, 2011

60. Fukushima, Japan, 2011

61. Fukushima, Japan, 2011