1. Sinuses
The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull

2. Sinuses
The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull

3. Pharynx
The pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and between the nasal cavity and the larynx
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Superior
Frontal sinus
Middle
Nasal
conchae
Inferior
Sphenoidal sinus
Nostril
Pharyngeal tonsil
Hard palate
Nasopharynx
Opening of
auditory tube
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Tongue
Oropharynx
Lingual tonsil
Epiglottis
Hyoid bone
Laryngopharynx
Larynx
Esophagus
Trachea

4. Larynx
The larynx is an enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea and inferior to the pharynx
It is composed of a framework of muscles and cartilages bound by elastic tissue
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Epiglottis
Hyoid bone
False vocal cord
Thyroid cartilage
Glottis
Cricoid cartilage
True vocal
cord
(a)
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage
Epiglottis
False vocal cord
Corniculate cartilage
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Epiglottic cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
True vocal cord
Cricoid cartilage
Hyoid bone
(b)
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Posterior portion
of tongue
Thyroid cartilage
False vocal cord
Glottis
True vocal cord
Cricoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage
Trachea
(a)
(a)
Epiglottis
Glottis
Inner lining of trachea
Hyoid bone
(b)
Epiglottic cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Trachea
(c)
c: © CNRI/PhotoTake
(b)

5. Trachea
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The trachea (windpipe) is a flexible cylindrical tube about 2.5 centimeters in diameter and 12.5 centimeters in length
As it extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity, it splits into the right and left primary bronchi
Larynx
Thyroid
cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage
Cartilaginous
ring
Trachea
Superior (upper)
lobe bronchus
Carina
Left
primary
bronchus
Right primary
bronchus
Superior (upper)
lobe bronchus
Inferior (lower)
lobe bronchi
Middle lobe
bronchus 5

6. Bronchial Tree
The bronchial tree consists of branched airways leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs in the lungs
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Larynx
Trachea
Right superior (upper) lobe
Left superior
(upper) lobe
Right primary bronchus
Secondary bronchus
Tertiary bronchus
Terminal bronchiole
Right inferior (lower) lobe
Left inferior
(lower) lobe
Right middle lobe
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Alveolus 6

7. Lungs
The right and left lungs are soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity
The right lung has three lobes and the left lung two lobes
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Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Clavicle
Trachea
Scapula
Superior (upper)
lobe of right lung
Superior (upper) lobe of left lung
Inferior (lower) lobe of left lung
Middle lobe
of right lung
Inferior (lower) lobe of right lung
Rib cartilage
Sternum