1. Big 5 Focus-Government #2 and #6; Society #3
The Cold War Thaws
Chapter 17-Section 5
Modern World History
Big 5 Focus-Government #2 and #6; Society #3

2. Review of Terms Capitalism Communism Democracy Totalitarianism
Equality
Individualism
Collectivism

3. Review of Terms Capitalism
Definition: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
How Relates to Government: government honors free trade, does not own trade and industry (does set regulations)
Countries/Leaders that supported: United States, other Western Countries that were part of NATO

4. Review of Terms Communism
Definition: seeks to eliminate class war and leads to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
How Relates to Government: government owns and regulates trade and industry
Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and all Warsaw Pact countries including China

5. Review of Terms Democracy
Definition: a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives
How Relates to Government: government officials elected by the people for a certain amount of time
Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and other Western countries part of NATO

6. Review of Terms Totalitarianism
Definition: a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible.
How Relates to Government: government is in control of all aspects regarding the people within the society
Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries including China

7. Review of Terms Equality
Definition: the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities
How Relates to Government: supports democracy
Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and all other countries within NATO

8. Review of Terms Individualism
Definition: a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control
How Relates to Government: supports democracy
Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and all other countries within NATO

9. Review of Terms Collectivism
Definition: the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it
How Relates to Government: supports Communism
Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and other countries within Warsaw Pact

10. Answer the Following…
How did each of the following countries try to resist Soviet rule-HUNGARY, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, CHINA?
What was the foreign policy of each of the following U.S. Presidents-JFK, Johnson, Nixon, Reagan?
What was the objective of each of the following-détente, Salt I Treaty, and “Star Wars” (NOT the movie series)?

11. How did each country try to resist Soviet rule?
HUNGARY *Hungarian army joined protesters to overthrow government *Nagy formed a new government

12. How did each country try to resist Soviet rule?
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
*Alexander Dubcek loosened controls on censorship
*Suggested socialism as an option
*Time known as Prague Spring-new ideas, new thoughts on how government should be run

13. How did each country try to resist Soviet rule?
CHINA *Began to spread their own brand of communism *Tried to maintain a fragile peace after fighting broke out along their borders

14. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President?
John F. Kennedy
Threat of nuclear war with other countries a possibility
Needed to keep an eye on opposing sides
Cuban Missile Crisis-Soviets turned back to avoid confrontation

15. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President?
Lyndon Johnson
Committed to stopping the spread of communism
Escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam War
Created problems within U.S.

16. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President?
Richard Nixon
Began backing away from direct confrontation with Soviet Union
Détente replaced brinkmanship (lessening of Cold War tensions)
“Realistic policies”-dealing with other nations in a practical and flexible manner
Still wanted to contain the spread of communism
Agreed to reduce tensions with Soviet Union
First to visit Communist China

17. What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President?
Ronald Regan
Took an anti-Communist stance
Continued to move away from détente
Increased defense spending-put economic and military pressure on Soviet Union
SDI-(symbolic) program to protect U.S. against enemy missiles
Change in Soviet leadership brought new policy towards U.S. and towards ending Cold War

18. What was the objective of each of the following?
Détente
Policy of lessening Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
Improve relationship between the two governments

19. What was the objective of each of the following?
SALT I Treaty
Signed by Nixon (U.S.) and Brezhnev (Soviet Union)
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Five-year agreement, limited number of intercontinental ballistic and submarine-launched missiles each country could have
33 nations joined U.S. and Soviet Union

20. What was the objective of each of the following?
“Star Wars”
Development of rockets, missiles that could travel great distances
Creation of SDI
First to develop technology to travel into space
Move programs forward to promote own country’s agenda