1. Washington’s Inauguration. April 30,1789. The young nation again
calls on Washington to guide it through a turbulent time.

2. Challenges to a New Nation

3. The Federal Government
Washington inherited a tiny federal government that was made up of a few employees, 75 post offices and 672 soldiers.
Washington and congress had to put a working government in place and they needed to do so according to the Constitution.

4. Vice President John Adams

5. The Executive Branch Congress established three executive departments.
Treasury- would deal with economic matters.
War- Would deal with defense and war.
State- Would deal with matters concerning relations with other countries.

7. Henry Knox.
Secretary of War
Thomas Jefferson.
Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton.
Secretary of Treasury
Edmund Randolph. Attorney General

8. The Judiciary Act
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the federal Court system.
There were three circuit courts and 13 district courts.
A supreme court with six justices.
John Jay was the first supreme court justice.

9. John Jay

10. The First Economic Crisis
The nation was 52 million dollars in debt.
The debt was mostly in form of war bonds that citizens and foreigners bought.
Issues
Should the U.S. pay these debts?
Should the U.S. pay state debts incurred due to the war?

11. Who was the first President of the United States?
List two challenges that his administration faced.
Should the United States have paid back its debt from the Revolution? Why? Why not?
What was the most controversial part of Hamilton’s plan?

12. Hamilton’s Plan The U.S. would pay all of its debts and state debts.
Why would this be a good idea?
The U.S. government would charter a national bank for depositing government funds.
The government would impose a high tariff.

13. Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan State Debts
Many southern states opposed the U.S. government paying state’s debts.
They paid there debts on their own and now some states would get out of debt for free
Resolution
The government would pay the states debt in exchange that the U.S. Capital would be put in a southern State

14. Washington D.C

15. Hamilton’s Financial Plan A National Bank
Opposition
Many feel that this is unconstitutional because operating a bank is not mentioned as a power of the federal government.
Strict interpretation
Resolution
Congress approved the national bank and justified it by citing the “Elastic Clause”, Article1 Section 8
Loose interpretation
Americans still differ on how they
interpret the Constitution. This was the basis of how political parties formed.

16. Hamilton’s Financial Plan High Tariff
Opposition
Southerners opposed this part of the plan because it would make the imported goods that they relied on more expensive. Many felt that this would hurt the agricultural south and aid manufacturers in the north.
Resolution
This would not be resolved. Congress would not pass this part of the plan.

17. The Whiskey Rebellion The government imposed an excise tax on whiskey.
Farmers in Western Pennsylvania used whiskey as money.
They were angered by this and there was an uprising that became known as the Whiskey rebellion.

18. Whiskey Rebellion
Washington sends a 13,000 man militia into Western PA.
This response shows that the new government was strong and would not tolerate such actions

19. What is happening in this scene?
Write a caption for this scene.
Write a question that you would like to ask
The subjects.

20. Whiskey Rebellion

21. Federalists
Republicans
Leader
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Appealed to
Manufacturers; business people
Farmers; planters
Ideas of Government
Strong Centralized Government. Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Strong State Governments. Strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Domestic Policy
Favored National Bank.
Wanted high tariff.
Supported Alien and Sedition Acts.
Opposed National Bank.
Did not want tariffs.
Opposed Alien and Sedition Acts
Foreign Policy
Opposed French revolution
Wanted war with France
Supported French Revolution.
Opposed war with France.

22. Terms
Inauguration- ceremony in which the president takes the oath of office.
Precedent-an example to be followed in the future.
Bond- a certificate issued by the government for an amount of money that the government promises to pay back with interest.
Tariff- tax on imported goods.

23. Would the following comments most likely be made by a Federalist or a Republican?
Less government is the best government.
Trade with Great Britain is essential to our survival.
The National Bank is unconstitutional.
We must protect our domestic manufacturers.
Leaders need an education and wealth to understand the situation of this country.

24. Faction- An organized Political group.
Neutral- Not favoring either side in a dispute.
Impressment- Seizing sailors from American ships and forcing them to serve on British vessels.

25. Conflicts in the Northwest Territory
British Troops remained in forts ten years after the war.
They were supplying Native Americans with guns.
Little Turtle of the Miami and Blue Jacket of the Shawnee lead attacks against settlers and defeated the U.S. army soldiers in 1790 and 1791.

26. Little Turtle and Blue Jacket

27. “Mad” Anthony Wayne Sent By Washington in 1794
Defeats the Natives in August 1794 at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
Natives were forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville as a result.

28. Battle of Fallen Timbers

29. Treaty of Greenville
A much better picture appears on page 295 of your textbook.

30. The French Revolution Began in May of 1789
At first many Americans support the revolution.
By 1793 the revolution became very violent. As many as 17,000 people were executed by the guillotine. This was the Reign of Terror
This splits Americas opinions on the War.

31. Guillotine
The execution of King Louis

32. French Revolution By 1793 France and Britain go to war.
Both sides want our help.
Washington wants neutrality. Jefferson and the Republicans want to support France. Hamilton and the Federalists want to support Britain.
We try to trade with both sides.
What do you think will happen as a result?

33. Troubles at Sea
Both France and Britain will begin to capture U.S. ships and steal the cargo.
Britain will start the practice of impressment.
Impressment-seizing sailors and forcing them to serve in the British Navy.
Federalists insist that our prosperity depends on trade with Britain.

34. The Jay Treaty. 1795
Washington sends John Jay to England to repair relations with Great Britain
United States agrees to Great Britain agrees to
Pay back long standing debts to British Merchants
Withdraw troops from the Northwest Territory.
Pay for ships that they had already seized.

35. Jay Treaty
Republicans did not like the treaty because the British still did not recognize our right to trade with France and would not cease impressment of sailors.
Barely passes in the Senate.
Federalists were pleased because the treaty restored relations with Britain

36. Washington Retires from Public Life
Washington’s Farewell Address made major points.
Warned against forming political factions(parties).
Warned us to stay out of European affairs.

37. Washington’s Accomplishments as President
Established a functional government in America.
Economy was improving.
Avoided war with foreign powers.
Forced British to leave the Northwest Territory. Made area safe for settlement.
Pickney Treaty. Allowed Americans to use the Mississippi R. and the Port of New Orleans.

38. The Presidency of John Adams

39. Key Terms for Section Four
Tribute
Sixpence
Alien
Sedition
Nullify
States Rights

40. Troubles With France
When Adams took office the French were upset with the Americans because they believed that the Jay Treaty had made us allies with Britain.
Adams sends a delegation to deal with France.
The French tried to bribe our delegation.
This becomes known as the XYZ Affair.

42. War Fever Breaks Out
“Millions for Defense, but not one sixpence for tribute.”
What does this mean?
Many Federalists want Adams to press Congress to declare war on France.
He does not and considers avoiding war his greatest accomplishment.
Adams sends another delegation to France and Napoleon agrees to stop seizing our ships.

43. Images of Napoleon Bonaparte.
A key figure in European and World History.

44. Alien and Sedition Acts
Federalists try to destroy political opponents (Republicans)
Two laws were passed in 1798 to do that.
Alien Act
Targeted at immigrants(Usually Republicans).
Increased the length of time from 5 to 14 years for someone to become a citizen.
President could deport anyone that he felt was dangerous.
Sedition Act
Made it a crime to write or say anything insulting or false about the President, congress, or government in general.
Ten people were convicted of this.

45. States Rights and the Virginia And Kentucky Resolutions
Many felt that this was a violation of the First Amendment.
Supreme court did not have the power to declare laws unconstitutional at this point.
Jefferson and Madison declare that States had the power to Nullify unconstitutional laws. This Idea is known as States Rights.