1. Mobile Applications (Android Programming)
Semester II
Dr. Saman Mirza Abdullah

2. Course Information Have 14 classes.
12 classes, each 2 hours Theoretical and 2 hours practical.
One week will be midterm exam.
One class for course review
Exams and assessments (collecting marks):
Attendance = 5%
Quizzes = 5%
Assignments = 10%
Lab activities = 10%
One mid term exam = 30%
One final Exam = 40%
Text book
Annuzzi, J., L. Darcey, and S. Conder, Introduction to Android Application Development: Android Essentials. 2014: Addison Wesley Professional.
Trish Cornez, Richard Cornez, 2015 , Android programming concept: 2015,.
Mobile Application - Ishik

3. Course Aim The aim of the course is to introduce CE students to:
The fundamental concepts of Mobile Application.
Android Programming,
Parts of the Android based applications,
Learning Android Studio software. (Downloading and installing)
Building Android based application from scratch until uploading to Google Play Store.
Mobile Application - Ishik

4. Class Objectives Introduction to Mobile and Android application.
What is Android?
Understand Android based Application.
Explain Android Architecture and fundamental?
Showing the process of creating .apk file.
Mobile Application - Ishik

5. History of Mobile and its Application
How was the live before mobile?
Phone was just phone, with a fixed land line.
Run for the phone or pulling it out from pocket.
Lost a friend, forgetting something from home, emergency calls for an accidents…..
The are not called smartphone for no reasons.
They can solve many problems.
Daily, we relay on them for everything of our live.
It has a lot of types of applications. Developers should be aware about applications so that they can be
More seamless and powerful applications.
Mobile Application - Ishik

6. History of Mobile and its Application (Cont.)
Mobile developers faced many roadblocks:
Better applications.
Unique application, but competing other application
Hybrid application, but can incorporate many tasks (calling and messaging)
User friendly.
At the beginning, all these were not realistic.
Mobile Application - Ishik

7. History of Mobile and its Application (Cont.)
Year
Name
Services
Size (cm)
Weight (Kg)
1983
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (called Brick)
Calling 30
1.13
1989
Motorola Microtac 9800X 23
0.35
1992
Motorola International 3200
Calling (GSM)
19.5
0.5
1993
Nokia 1011
0.4
1994
IBM Simon 20
1996
Motorola Strartac
9.4
0.088
Nokia 8810
14.4
0.145
2017
iPhone and Samsung
What you see in them?
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8. WAP and mobile application
The first need to mobile application is Internet connection.
Internet connection, for mobile, could be achieved through a protocol called Wireless Application Protocol.
It exactly works as (HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol).
Another jump of mobile platform is Internet connection suitability.
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9. Mobile Application
They are applications that specially developed for handy devices, such as mobiles, tablets, and iPad.
The way differ from other applications is
their Operating systems (OS):
Android
iOS
They are not so complex
Most times, they are free
Easy to develop and use
No need much memory spaces
Have simple graphical user interface (GUI).
Mostly, they are life style based applications.
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10. Mobile Application (Cont.)
Mobile applications differ from each other only in the platform they designed for.
There are a lot of mobile platform,
Android
iOS
Windows
Blackberry OS
Java Micro Edition
Symbian OS
The most well-known platforms are Android and iOS
Each has its own features that enabling them doing great daily requirements.
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11. Android VS iOS Features Android iOS Programming language
Java (Easy for learn even for beginners)
Object-C and Swift, needs more line to code
Development tool
Android Studio
Free of charge
Xcode
Need to pay 99$ per year
Customizable (suit for specific using or user)
Yes
Limited, need jailbreak for extensive use.
Last version
6.0 – 6.0.1
Marshmallow
iOS 9.2.1
Open source No
Supported devices
Many brands (Motorola, Samsung, HTC, LC, Nexus
Only devices that made by Apple company
Voice assist
Yes, there are many applications
Yes, only with Siri
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12. What is Android? What is Android?
Is it application?
Is it middleware?
Operating System (OS)?
It is actually, A complete software stack for mobile devices that contain OS, middleware, and applications.
The OS uses Kernel based Linux 3.4
It has a lot of features:
DVK (Dalvik Virtual Machine), Integrated Browser, SQLite, and GSM Telephony .. etc.
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13. Android-Why? Why so much talk about Android?
Flexibility and scalability.
Robustness; based on the Linux 3.4
End user is the King.
Developer Community Support.
Fragmentation.
Open Handset Alliance (OHA) – consortium of several companies formed in 2007.
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14. Open Handset Alliance
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15. Smartphone Markets
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16. Android OS Architecture
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17. Linux Kernel The Linux 3.4 kernel handles core system services.
It acts as a hardware abstraction layer (HAL) between the physical hardware of the device and the Android software stack.
Some of the core functions the kernel handles include
Enforcement of application permissions and security
Low-level memory management
Process management and threading
The network stack
Display, keypad input, camera, Wi-Fi, Flash memory, audio, binder inter-process communication (IPC), and power management driver access
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18. Native Libraries
C/C++ libraries exposing various capabilities through Android application framework.
Libc;
SGL/OpenGL; 2D/3D graphical support
Freetype: bitmap and vector font rendering.
SQLite; Lightweight relational database engine.
Surface management; manages access to display subsystems.
LibWebCore, Modern web browser powered by Android.
Media Libraries: Supports many video and audio formats.
Secure Sockets layer cryptographic protocol to secure internet communication.
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19. Android Runtime
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20. Android Runtime (Cont.)
Each Android application runs in a separate process
Each process has its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine (VM).
Based on the Java VM, the Dalvik design has been optimized for mobile devices.
The Dalvik VM has a small memory footprint and optimized application loading, and multiple instances of the Dalvik VM can run concurrently on a devic.
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21. Security and Permissions
There are many security measures insuring the security of the Android OS;
Application as OS user
Explicitly define application permissions.
Limited Ad hoc permissions
Application Signing for Trust Relationship
Multiple users and Restricted Profiles
Google Play Developer Registration
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22. Security and Permissions Application as OS User
When installed, for an application
A new user profile will be associated with the installed application.
Unique user will be given to each application.
When run, each application treats as a different user, with its own private file in the file system.
Each application will be associated with a unique user ID and secure operating environment.
The application executes in its own process with its own instance of the Dalvik VM and under its own user ID on the operating system.
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23. Security and Permissions Explicitly define application permissions
It is about access shared resources.
Android applications register for a specific privilege they required.
Some they privilege device functionality:
Making calls
Accessing network
Controlling camera and other hardware sensors.
Some applications need privilege to shared data:
Private and personal information.
User preference
Location
Contact number
Some times their own permission (read or read and write) permissions to other applications.
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24. Security and Permissions Limited Ad Hoc Permissions
Applications that act as content providers might want to provide some on-the-fly permissions to other applications for specific information they want to share openly.
This is done using ad hoc granting and revoking of access to specific resources using Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs).
For sharing data with URI, no more user permissions are asking.
Permission for contact birthday to other applications.
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25. Security and Permissions Application Signing for Trust relationship1 Multiple Users and Restricted Profile2
(1) is about building a trusted authentication between users and developers. In Android, self certificate is preferred.
(2), from Android 4.7 (API Level 17), supporting multiple user account on a sharable Android device is enabled.
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26. Security and Permissions Google Play Developer Registration
To publish applications on the popular Google Play store, developers must create a developer account. The Google Play store is managed closely and no malware is tolerated.
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27. Application Framework
The Android application framework provides everything necessary to implement an average application.
The Android application lifecycle involves the following key components:
Activities are functions that the application performs.
Groups of views define the application’s layout.
Intents inform the system about an application’s plans.
Services allow for background processing without user interaction.
Notifications alert the user when something interesting happens.
Content providers facilitate data transmission among different applications.
Mobile Application - Ishik

28. Application Services
Through a collection of managers, applications can interact with the OS and underlining hardware.
Those managers are responsible of a specific services, such as:
The LocationManager facilitates interaction with the location-based services available on the device.
The ViewManager and WindowManager manage display and user interface fundamentals related to the device.
The AccessibilityManager manages accessibility events, facilitating device support for users with physical impairments.
The ClipboardManager provides access to the global clipboard for the device, for cutting and pasting content.
The DownloadManager manages HTTP downloads in the background as a system service.
The FragmentManager manages the fragments of an activity.
The AudioManager provides access to audio and ringer controls.
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29. Applications Types
Android ships with a set of core applications, e.g. Contacts, Calendars, ….
Most applications developer’s sits here with other core applications.
Even the Google applications use the same public API that is available for open developer community.
All applications are written using Java
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30. Application Fundamental How is .apk file generated?
Application Resources
Application Source Code
Java Interface
AAPT
Java Compiler
.class files
R. Java
Compiled Resources
Dox Tool
3rd Parties Libraries
APK Builder Tool
Android Package (.apk file)
.dex file
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31. Class End
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