1. The Americas Before and After the Europeans
An Introduction to the Colonial Unit

2. American Settlement Timeline

3. Native American Tribes

4. Who was here? Mound Builders—Built about 1000 years before the Egyptian pyramids

5. Anasazi Cliff Dwellers (Utah, NM, Colorado, Arizona)

7. Iroquois Long House (Upstate New York)

8. Interior

9. Teepee

11. NJ Tribal Map

12. In NJ, the Lenape Indians, a branch of the Delaware tribe

13. So from thousands of years ago until Columbus, America had thousands of Indian tribes and subgroups…. MEANWHILE IN EUROPE …

14. Europe’s governments were mostly feudal…
Kings ruled the countries
Kings gave land to lords to help them run the country
Lords hired knights to protect the land
Peasants farmed the land in exchange for a place to stay.
Lords
Simplified!

16. The Catholic Church
The only unifying power among the people in the kingdoms
Everyone believed what the Church said

17. Then, at the end of the Middle Ages…
The Renaissance Period ( ): the rebirth of humanism
The Printing Press and increased literacy
Advances in science, mathematics, and arts
Excitement to learn about the world

18. Still, the Church has a lot of power!
The Spanish Inquisition-
Began in Spain in 1480
Spread of Catholicism; Persecution of Jews and Muslims
Idea that wealth and power is key to heaven
Cruel Punishments: People who were suspected of ‘criminal’ acts, depending on the crime, faced severe punishment. The most merciful was being hanged. Other punishments ranged from cutting off criminals’ heads, arms, legs, hands, or feet to being burned at the stake in front of large audiences.

19. Christófo Colón [ ]
Italian who sailed for Spain. Trip was financed by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Sailed the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria.

20. What Columbus Saw Upon Arrival

21. What Columbus Saw

22. Columbus Lands

23. The Native peoples of the first voyage…the Arawaks
According to the journal
Columbus kept:
October 12, 1492:
They were very well-built people, with handsome bodies and very fine faces, though their appearance is marred somewhat by very broad heads and foreheads…Their eyes are large and very pretty, and their skin is the color of Canary Islanders…They are in fact well proportioned.
October 13, 1492:
I cannot get over how docile these people are. They have so little to give but will give it all for whatever we give them, if only broken pieces of glass and crockery.

24. October 12, 1492:
They ought to make good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly what we say to them. I think they can easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion. If it pleases Our Lord, I will take six of them to your Highness when I depart
Although Columbus viewed the Natives favorably, his motives for them were not

25. Columbus’ Four Voyages

26. Now Other Explorers…Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c (1500’s)

27. Exploration is Fun! In search of “El Dorado”

28. What was the impact of all of these voyages?
Set up a new global, interdependent economy:
Europe: provided markets, money and technology
Africa: labor (slaves)
New World: Raw materials

29. The “Columbian Exchange” is Born!
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough

30. “A New World” for those Europeans in search of riches, freedom and a new life to settle in has been discovered

32. Settlements form…Sometimes It Went Well…
The First Thanksgiving, Plymouth Colony, 1621

33. Sometimes it Didn’t…
Jamestown Massacre, 1622

34. But it Brings Us to Our Next Unit… The Thirteen Colonies