1. Congressional Membership
Chapter 5, Section 1 1

2. Basic Facts Bicameral Legislature
House of Representatives
Senate
Session = Length of meeting each year
Begins in January
Ends usually in November or early December

3. Basic Facts House of Representatives 435 members (435 districts)
Reapportioned every 10 years.
Every state has at least 1 representative, no matter how small.

4. Rust belt losses
sun
Sun Belt gains

5. Reapportionment is based upon the census of the U. S
Reapportionment is based upon the census of the U.S. population taken every 10 years.
Gerrymandering
A popular method to try to gain or maintain control of your party in the House of Representatives.
This involves drawing unusually irregular district lines to increase your party’s ability to win.
Often involve race/minorities.
Court has final say on redistricting if it is challenged.
Bad !!!

6. Gerrymandering Example Diagram
Left: Four districts of even “Red” and “Green” party voters, 8 from each party.
Right: Redrawing the balanced electoral districts in this example creates only one packed district of 14 green voters.
The remaining 18 green voters are cracked across the 3 other districts. The result is a 3-to-1 advantage for the “Red” party.

8. Gerrymandering Example: Texas’s 25th congressional districtU

10. Control of Congress has swung back and forth through history.

11. The Senate
The House of Reps

12. Requirements listed in the Constitution
Qualifications
House
Senate
25 years old
Citizen for at least 7 years.
Legal resident of state that elects them
30 years old
Citizen for at least 9 years
Legal resident of state that elects them
Requirements listed in the Constitution

13. Term of Office House Senate 2 years 6 years
Terms are short so that House will be responsive to the people.
6 years
Terms are long to provide stability and experience to government.
Elections in November of even numbered years

14. Salary and Benefits $174,000 per year (currently)
Stationery & postage for official business
Medical clinic
Medical insurance
Gymnasium
Dining Room
Allowances for staff, trips, office, etc.
Special tax deduction for two homes
Pension
Why?

15. Characteristics

17. 113th Congressional Gender

20. Average Age
Average age for members of Congress is usually over 50.
For Senators, average age is usually a bit older than members of the House.

21. Getting Elected How would you go about getting elected to Congress?
What do you think is necessary to be elected to Congress?
How would you go about getting elected to Congress?

22. You Won!!! You will start out your term as a “freshman” in Congress.
But if you decide to run for reelection, then you will be an “incumbent.”