1. World War II ( )
Lesson 6 The Allies Win World War II

2. Lesson 6 The Allies Win World War II
Learning Objectives
Analyze the planning and impact of the invasion of Normandy.
Understand how the Allies achieved final victory in Europe.
Explore the reasons President Truman decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan.

3. Lesson 6 The Allies Win World War II
Key Terms
Battle of the Bulge
Harry S. Truman
island-hopping
kamikaze
Albert Einstein
Manhattan Project
J. Robert Oppenheimer

4. Planning Germany’s Defeat
In 1942 and 1943, the Allies turned back the Axis advances. In the last two years of the war, 1944 and 1945, they delivered the final, crushing blow. They attacked Germany from the west and east, and the United States advanced across the Pacific to the doorstep of Japan. In the process, Americans created a new form of weapon that would change both warfare and global politics.

5. Planning Germany’s Defeat
Opening a Second Front
The Big Three Meet

6. Planning Germany’s Defeat
A convoy of Allied troops drives through a nearly destroyed German village in April Interpret What does this photo suggest about the power of the Allied armies during the final years of the war?

7. The Invasion of Normandy
Operation Overlord involved the most experienced Allied officers in Europe. American General Dwight D. Eisenhower again served as Supreme Commander. British General Bernard Montgomery served as commander of the ground forces, while General Omar Bradley led the American troops who would participate in the invasion.

8. The Invasion of Normandy
Eisenhower Plans the Invasion
Allies Storm the Beaches
Germans Defend Normandy

9. The Invasion of Normandy
General Dwight Eisenhower (left) and British General Bernard Montgomery (right) led the Allied invasion of Normandy.

10. The Invasion of Normandy
Analyze Maps Summarize the Allied invasion of Normandy. Support your answer with evidence from the map.

11. The Invasion of Normandy
On June 6, 1944, the Allies launched Operation Overlord, a massive assault on the beaches of Normandy. It was the largest invasion force in the history of the world, including thousands of aircraft and ships and more than 150,000 troops.

12. Defeat of Germany
After D-Day, Germany faced a hopeless two-front war. Soviet soldiers were advancing steadily from the east, forcing German armies out of Latvia, Romania, Slovakia, and Hungary. Mile by mile, Germany lost the lands it had once dominated and the natural resources it had once plundered.

13. Defeat of Germany Allies on the Move Hitler’s Desperate Counterattack
Courage Under Fire
Germany Surrenders

14. Defeat of Germany
An American soldier waves from his tank as the Allies enter Paris in August 1944.

15. Defeat of Germany
Analyze Maps Use the information on the map to summarize the course of World War II in Europe from 1942 through Support your answer with evidence from the map.

16. Defeat of Germany
The Congressional Medal of Honor is the highest military award given by the United States. Make Generalizations Why are Medal of Honor recipients important?

17. Americans Advance Toward Japan
While war still raged in Europe, American forces in the Pacific had been advancing in giant leaps. Under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur, they followed an island-hopping strategy, capturing some Japanese-held islands and ignoring others in a steady path toward Japan.

18. Americans Advance Toward Japan
Struggle in the Pacific
American Forces Near Japan
Americans Bombers Attack Japan

19. Americans Advance Toward Japan
A two-man team of Navajo code talkers transmit secret orders over their radio. Summarize How did code talkers contribute to the American war effort?

20. Americans Advance Toward Japan
Analyze Maps Use the information on the map to summarize the course of World War II in the Pacific from 1942 through Support your answer with evidence from the map.

21. The War Comes to an End
Advances in technology helped determine the outcome of World War II. Allied and Axis scientists labored to make planes faster, bombs deadlier, and weapons more accurate. As always in warfare, specific military needs resulted in scientific discoveries and technological innovations.

22. The War Comes to an End Science and Technology Help Win the War
Scientists Develop the Atomic Bomb
Truman Decides to Use the Bomb
Hiroshima and Nagasaki Are Destroyed
Japan Surrenders

23. The War Comes to an End
Analyze Data How did advances in science and technology affect the war?

24. The War Comes to an End
The world’s first atomic bomb, code-named Trinity, was detonated in the New Mexico desert on July 16, Hypothesize Why do you think it was important to the Allies that they successfully develop an atomic bomb before the Axis?

25. Quiz: Planning Germany’s Defeat
Why was Stalin more supportive of an Allied invasion of France than Roosevelt and Churchill?
A. He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit.
B. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front.
C. He believed that cutting off Germany’s shipping routes on the Atlantic was the key to winning the war.
D. He feared the other Americans would try to establish a permanent presence in Eastern Europe.

26. Quiz: The Invasion of Normandy
How were the Allies able to keep the planned invasion at Normandy a secret from the Nazis?
A. They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar.
B. They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there.
C. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais.
D. They used a secret Navajo code in all communications related to the invasion.

27. Quiz: Defeat of Germany
What was the result of the Battle of the Bulge?
A. The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France.
B. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive.
C. The American forces joined the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin.
D. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies.

28. Quiz: Americans Advance Toward Japan
What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military?
A. It was scattered and disorganized.
B. It relied too heavily on air support.
C. It could no longer defend the mainland.
D. It would be difficult to make them surrender.

29. Quiz: The War Comes to an End
What was the most important factor in Truman’s decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima?
A. limiting further U.S. casualties
B. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor
C. protecting U.S. economic interests in China
D. preventing Soviet intervention in the region