1. The Korean War & McCarthyism
The Cold War and
the American Dream
( )
Chapter 28, Section 2

2. Essential Questions
Should governments have the right to invade a citizen’s privacy if it’s in the public’s best interest?
Should rules ever be “bent?”

3. John Stewart Service
An American Born in China: Lived There until he went to College in the U.S.
Hired by the U.S. State Department as a “China Expert”
Warned the U.S. that Communism was Growing in China
State Department Fired Him – Blamed Him for China’s Communist Revolution

4. Spread of Communism Civil War Breaks out in China in 1949
Nationalists vs. Communists
Communists Win
America’s Fear of Communism Grew:
Viewed China’s Revolution as a Communist Plot to Control the World

5. U.S. Fears

7. Mao Zedong Leader of the New Communist Government in China
Soviet Union Supported Mao Zedong

8. Chiang Kai-shek Leader of the Nationalist Government in China
Lost Civil War to the Chinese Communists
Nationalists Fled to Taiwan (Formosa)
U.S. Supported Chiang Kai-Shek

12. Korea Korea was a Japanese Colony Before WWII
After WWII Ended in 1945, Soviet Troops Occupied Korea North of the 38th Parallel
American Forces Moved in & Took Control South of 38th Parallel
Korea Became the Center of a Cold War Conflict!

15. Korean War Starts
In June 1950, the North Korean Army (Communist) Crossed the 38th Parallel into South Korea
Don’t Forget the U.S. Policy of CONTAINMMENT!
U.S. Appealed to the U.N. to STOP the Communist Attack on South Korea

17. Korean War 16 Nations Joined the United Nations to Fight North Korea
U.N. Army was Mostly Made Up of U.S. Troops
General Douglas MacArthur was Placed in Charge (“I Shall Return”)

18. N. Korea Dominates
North Korea Almost Conquered All of South Korea (Pusan)
General MacArthur Used a Daring Plan by Landing U.N. Troops Behind Enemy Lines at Inchon
General MacArthur’s Plan Worked
U.N. Troops Pushed North Korea Back to the 38th Parallel

19. Counter Attack
After Pushing North Korean Forces Back Across the 38th Parallel, MacArthur Asked Permission to Invade North Korea
President Truman Agreed: Wanted to Unite North and South Korea (Make it a Democracy)
MacArthur Invaded North Korea

22. Invasion of North Korea
UN Forces Pushed the North Koreans Back to the Yalu River (Border with China)
China Warned the U.N. & the U.S. to STOP!
What was China Afraid of?

23. China Enters Korean War
In November of 1950 the Chinese Army (Communist) Attacked the U.N. Forces
China Helped the North Koreans Drive the U.N. Back Across the 38th Parallel
By 1951, Stalemate at the 38th Parallel

24. World War III?
General MacArthur Wanted to Bomb China and Blockade their Coastline
Truman Refused!
Truman Feared Soviet Union Would Back Up China
World War III?

25. You’re Fired! MacArthur Did Not Agree with Truman
General MacArthur Criticized President Truman in the Press (Called Him a Wimp)
President Truman Could Not Have His Commanders Disobeying Orders
You Are FIRED!

26. Dwight D. Eisenhower
As the Korean War was in a Stalemate, Americans Wanted the War to End!
Dwight D. Eisenhower Won the 1952 Presidential Election (Republican)
WWII War Hero
“Ike” Promised to End the Korean War

27. End of the Korean War
At the Peace Table President Eisenhower Asked for Peace
Threatened to Use Nuclear Weapons if North Korea and China Disagreed
Korean War Ended in a Stalemate!
38th Parallel Would Divided North Korea (Communist) and South Korea (Democratic)
Containment Worked!

28. Korean War Memorial, D.C.

32. Joseph McCarthy Republican Senator from Wisconsin “The List”
Accused U.S. Government Officials of Being Communists
Caused a “Witch Hunt” in America for Suspected Communists

33. “The List”
“I have here a list of 205 names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department.”

35. McCarthyism
Term Used to Describe Reckless Accusations Against Innocent Americans (1950’s)
Accused Americans of Being Communists
Thousands of Innocent People Lost Their Careers/Jobs
What is Wrong with McCarthyism?

38. Eisenhower’s Brinksmanship
Eisenhower Disagreed with Containment
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles Believed in Brinksmanship
Believed U.S. Should Go to the Brink of War to Stop Communism
Believed the U.S. Should Overthrow Communist Governments

39. Famous “Red Scare” Trials
Alger Hiss (State Department Official) Was Arrested and Convicted for Passing Military Secrets to the Soviet Union
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Were Members of the Communist Party:
Sentenced to Death for Stealing Atomic Secrets & Giving them to the Soviets

40. Arms Race
U.S. Dropped 1st Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki to End WWII (1945)
By 1949, the U.S.S.R. Produced their 1st Atomic Bombs
Hydrogen Bombs Were Produced Next (More Powerful)
A Deadly Arms Race Developed with Both Sides Creating More and More Nuclear Arms

43. Central Intelligence Agency
During the 1950’s, the CIA Ran Secret Missions to Prevent the Spread of Communism:
In Iran, the U.S. Overthrew a Leader to Prevent Communism
In Guatemala, the U.S. Trained a Guatemala Rebel Army to Kill the Communist Dictator

45. Cold War Conflict: Egypt
Anyone Remember the Battle of El Alamein?
England & France Owned Suez Canal
In 1955, Egypt and the Soviet Union Became BFF: Angered U.S. & England
U.S. and England Stopped Giving $$$ to Egypt

46. Suez Canal Crisis
When Egypt Did Not Receive $$$, they Seized the Suez Canal
England, France & Israel Attacked Egypt
The Soviet Union Threatened to Back Egypt
The U.S., U.N. and the Soviet Union Convinced England, France & Israel to Stop Fighting (6 Days)
Almost WWIII Again

48. The Israeli “6 Day War” Israel Kicked Egypt’s Butt in the War
Took a lot of Land from Egypt and Other Parts of “Palestine”
Will Learn More About the “6 Day War” in Global Studies

49. Sputnik
Soviet Union Launched the World’s Very 1st Satellite into Space = Sputnik
Showed that the Soviet Union was Ahead in Science & Math
Demonstrated that the U.S.S.R. had a Missile that Could Reach the U.S.
Was the Start of the Space Race

50. Hmmm….
Why do YOU think Sputnik scared the living daylights out of the United States?

51. Space Race
Competition Between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. During the Cold War for Space Exploration
1957, U.S.S.R. Launched Sputnik
1958, U.S.S.R. Sends 1st Lunar Probe to Reach the Moon
1961, U.S.S.R.’s Yuri Gagarin was the 1st Man in Space

53. Space Race
Caused a Panic in the U.S. – Soviet Union/ Communism Might Be Better
People Feared the Soviet Union Would Dominate Space Exploration
Viewed as a Contest Between Communism and Capitalism
Also Feared U.S.S.R. Could Reach U.S. with Nuclear Missiles!

54. NASA
NASA was Founded in 1958 After Congress Passed the National Aeronautics & Space Act
U.S. Set Aside Billions for NASA
President Kennedy Promised at his 1961 Inaugural Address that U.S. Would be the 1st Country to Land a Man on the Moon

55. Landing on the Moon
John Glenn was the 1st U.S. Man to Orbit the Earth (1962) (1 Year After the Soviets)
Neil Armstrong was the 1st Man on the Moon – U.S. Won the Space Race
July 20th, 1969
“That’s One Small Step For Man, One Giant Leap for Mankind”

57. The Paris Peace Talks (1960)
Both Eisenhower & Khrushchev Feared Growing Tensions (Possible WWIII)
Both Agreed to Meet in Paris in 1960 to Ease Tensions and Maybe End the Cold War
What Happened?

58. Essential Questions
Should governments have the right to invade a citizen’s privacy if it’s in the public’s best interest?
Should rules ever be “bent?”