1. On the Motherboard
Chapter 3

2. This presentation covers:
Benefits of Active Listening
Motherboard Parts
Processor Basics
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

3. Qualities of a Good Technician
“Soft skills” as they are known across many industries are essential

4. Active Listening Benefits
Gather data and symptoms quickly
Build customer rapport
Improved understanding of the issue
Mutual understanding between technician and customer
Means of positive communication between technician and customer
Focus on customer instead of technician
Customer may be more forthcoming with pertinent information

5. The Motherboard: Key parts (pg. 80)
RAM Slots
CPU Socket
CPU (Processor)
Expansion Slots

6. The Motherboard: Other components

7. Processor Basics: Register/Word Size Pg. 81
The number of bits processed at one time is the processor’s register size (word size). Today’s CPUs have register sizes of 64 or 128 bits.

8. Processors Have a variety of speeds Spead measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Hertz: frequency, cycles/sec
1 Hertz = 1 cycle per second
1 GHz = 1 billion cycles per second
1980’s Intel’s 8088 processor: 4.77MHz
Today’s processors run at speeds near 5GHz
Optional in Class Activity: What’s My Role?
Divide the class into groups of 2 or 3
Have each group search the internet for IT Roles and/or Jobs or they can describe one of the eight roles mentioned earlier in the presentation
Each group will then devise specific skills that role or job should have
Each group will either choose one person to represent the group or they can perform the together – they will present only the skills and possible environments in which this role would be
The class then must guess what IT Role they are describing
Intel Processor

9. Buses: data lines/paths Pg. 81
External data bus (aka front side/system bus)
External bus connects the CPU to external devices
Today, 64 or 128 separate lines
Lines are viewable between expansion slots on the motherboard
Some are used to send data out along the external bus to expansion slots
Internal bus: electronic lines, data paths, inside the CPU
Internal data bus

10. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Major Components pg. 82
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
Runs all calculations and comparison logic a computer needs
Connects to the control unit
Control Unit:
coordinates activities inside the processor
I/O (Input/Output) Unit:
manages data entering and leaving the processor
Registers:
high-speed storage area for 1s and 0s before the bits are processed
May be special purpose

11. Pipelines pg. 83 Separate internal buses that operate simultaneously
Process are broken down into smaller tasks and each line helps complete the entire process faster
A 32- or 64-bit CPU can have separate paths, each of which handles 32 or 64 bits
Debate continues about whether a longer pipeline improves performance

12. Speed Factors pg. 84 (Not just clock speed!)
Bus speed
PCI(?) bus speed
PCIe(?) bus speed
Bus bandwidth(?)
Amount of Cache(?)
Pipelines

13. Cache Memory pg. 85 High speed memory to increase processor speed.
L1:?
L2:?
L3:?

14. Multi-Core Processors Pg. 88
A dual-core processor combines two CPUs in a single unit
A tri-core processor has three processors in a single unit
Both Intel and AMD have quad-core CPU technologies
Two dual-core CPUs installed on the same mother-board and two dual- core CPUs installed in a single socket – OR –
Most recent models have all four cores installed in one unit
Hexa-core processors have six cores
Octa-core processors have eight cores

15. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Pg. 90
Video requires large amounts of data
Bottleneck for and slows down CPU
May be on separate video adapter card
Integrated Graphics Processor (IGP) on motherboard. No video card needed

16. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
A GPU provides better video card performance with an adapter
Contain hundreds of smaller core processors
GPUs can also be used for other purposes that are not directly related to graphics that increase system performance
These are general-purpose GPU (GPGPU)
A computer system can have multiple GPUs

17. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
IGP within the same housing as the CPU cores
CPU vs. GPU

18. Processor Cooling (pg. 95)
Heat sink
Fan
Liquid cooling
Passive cooling
no fan, just heat sink

19. © 2016 Pearson Education Inc.
Processor Sockets
Motherboards have a specific CPU socket in which only certain processors will fit.
© 2016 Pearson Education Inc.

20. Processor Installation
Power off the computer and remove power cord.
Use proper anti-static handling procedures.
Release the CPU retention plate.
Insert the CPU into the socket and remember that it only inserts one way.

21. PCI, PCI-X, AGP, and PCIe adapters & slots

22. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) (pg. 103)
Four varieties
32-bit 33MHz
32-bit 66MHz
64-bit 33MHz
64-bit 66MHz
Most common PCI expansion slot

23. Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) (Pg. 104)
AGP Expansion Slot
Bus interface for graphics adapters developed from the PCI bus
AGP speeds up 3-D graphics, 3-D acceleration, and full-motion playback
Video subsystem is isolated from the rest of the computer
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)

24. PCIe: Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (pg. 104)
PCI, PCI-X, and AGP have been replaced with PCIe (PCI Express) or PCI-E
PCIe outperforms all other types of PCI expansion slots
PCIe sends data full-duplex bidirectionally (sends and receives at the same time)
PCIe slots are shown with the number of lanes that can be used simultaneously (x1, x2, x4, x8, x16 or x32)

25. PCIe Slots A PCIe x1 adapter can fit in an x1 or higher slot
Just because the slot is an x16 slot, it does not mean that all 16 lanes are used—refer to the documentation
See Tech Tips in book

26. Chipsets (pg. 109) Chips that work with the processor.
Manages other computer features

27. Motherboard Form Factors (pg. 111)
Form Factor: Specification for size and shape of motherboards, chassis, adapters, power supplies, memory, etc.
Most common Advanced Technology Extended (ATX)
See pg. 111 for various form factors.

28. Computer Terms
Refer to the glossary terms at the end of the textbook chapter. Review Chapter 3 and become familiar with the terms.

29. The Complete CompTIA A+ Guide to IT Hardware and Software 7th Ed.
This PPT deck was developed to support instruction of
The Complete CompTIA A+ Guide to IT Hardware and Software 7th Ed.
All text and images are
© 2016 Pearson Education Inc
Fotolia Image Credits
Chapter 3: Aleksei Lazukov, Oleksandr Delyk, Timur Anikin, Y. L. Photographies, Denis Dryashkin, Auran, Graham Kidd Zenith, markd800, Denis Dryashkin, markd800, Hellen Sergeyeva, Bondarau, algre, iQoncept