1. CHAPTER 27 COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE CAREERS
Allopathic
Biofeedback
Chiropractic
Holistic
Homeopathic
Hydrotherapy
Megavitamin
Subluxation
Journal question: What personal characteristics might make a person a candidate for a career in an alternative or complementary therapy?

2. Chapter 27 Learning Objectives
Define at least eight terms relating to careers in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
Specify the role of selected complementary and alternative care providers, including personal qualities, levels of education, and credentialing requirements.

3. Chapter 27 Learning Objectives
Describe the methods used in allopathic, holistic, and homeopathic health care.
List five domains of complementary and alternative health care as described by the National Institutes of Health.

4. Careers Therapies are based on wellness and natural treatment.
Complementary medicine
Alternative medicine
Holistic health
Complementary health care is used simultaneously with conventional medicine.
Alternative health care is used in place of conventional medicine.
Nonvitamin, nonmineral, and natural products are the most frequently used complementary and alternative (CAM) therapy.
Deep breathing, meditation, massage and yoga practices have increased significantly.

5. Conditions That Draw Consumers to Complementary Medicine
Chronic pain
Arthritis
Addiction
Headache
Anxiety
Chronic fatigue
Sprains
Muscle strains

6. Five Domains of CAM Practices
The National Institute of Health (NIH) organizes CAM practices into five domains:
Whole medical systems
Mind-body interventions
Biologically based treatments
Manipulative and body-based methods
Energy therapies

7. Complementary and Alternative Methods

8. Five Domains of CAM Practices
Many health care workers specializing in CAM have other health career backgrounds.
Holistic practitioners
Nurses
Physicians
Veterinarians
Pharmacists
Chiropractor and naturopath professions have specific educational requirements.

9. Chiropractor or Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)
Treats health problems associated with muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems
Uses holistic approach to treatment, which is drugless and nonsurgical
Adjusts spinal column to correct subluxations
Education
Minimum of 2 years of college
4- to 5-year chiropractic program
Licensure by state required
Certification (diplomate) for specialties
When appropriate, the chiropractor may refer a patient to an allopathic practitioner.

10. CAM Careers: Educational Cost and Earnings

11. Areas of Diplomate Certification for Chiropractors

12. Naturopathic Doctor (ND)
Naturopathic doctors (NDs) are primary care physicians who focus on treatment of the whole person with emphasis on wellness and disease prevention.
An ND does not use synthetic medicine or perform major surgery.
Education
4 years of graduate medical school
Receive a degree of doctor of naturopathy
In addition to the standard medical curriculum, naturopathic doctors study nutrition, homeopathy, botanical medicine, and hydrotherapy.

13. Other CAM Practitioners
Massage therapist
Works with manipulation of muscle, skin, tendon, and ligaments
Applies light, water, or vibration devices
Education
Varies from state to state
13 states require licensure
Forms of massage include Swedish, polarity, sports, infant, facial, and scalp.

14. Other CAM Practitioners
Hypnotherapist
Uses hypnosis to help clients overcome bad habits and treat emotional problems
Licensure is not required, but a permit to practice may be required.
Many hypnotherapists are licensed in related fields:
Medicine
Nursing
Psychology
Methods of hypnosis vary greatly from one practitioner to another.

15. Other CAM Practitioners
Acupuncturist
Inserts needles into peripheral or surface nerves to
Control pain
Relieve symptoms
Modify psychosomatic disorders
Training or education varies greatly.
May include 2 to 3 years of study after completion of a minimum of 2 years of college
Usually hold credentials in another health care field
Trained in the application of needles
Acupuncture has been in use for 5000 years. It originated with the Chinese.

16. Acupuncture
FIGURE 27-3 Acupuncture has been in use for 5000 years. (From Bonewit-West: Today’s medical assistant, ed 1, Philadelphia, 2009, Saunders.)

17. Other CAM Practitioners
Biofeedback practitioners
Teach patients to use conscious control to change normally involuntary reactions of the body
Education
Certification through the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America (BCIA)
Requires applicant to be licensed or working under a licensed health care practitioner
Biofeedback practitioners may practice other areas of health care, such as nursing or medicine.

18. Applications for Biofeedback

19. Whole Medical Systems Whole medical systems
Acupuncture
Herbal medicine
Oriental massage
Other systems developed by Native Americans, Africans, and Central and South Americans
Many developed before the conventional biomedical approach and are still practiced by cultures throughout the world
Ask the students if they or family members have used whole medical systems and discuss.

20. Mind-Body Interventions
Mind-body interventions are designed to help the mind treat the body.
They are not recognized by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to be complementary and alternative medicine.
Discuss why mind-body interventions are not recognized to be complementary and alternative medicine by the NIH.

21. Biologically Based Therapies
Biologically based therapies that are considered to be CAM overlap with conventional medicine.
Involve special dietary supplements or programs
Herbal therapy (use of plants)
Special diets
Atkins diet
Pritikin diet
Weil diet
Orthomolecular therapy: uses chemicals and vitamins
Biologic therapies use laetrile and shark cartilage to treat cancer.
Bee pollen is used as biologic therapy for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

22. Energy Therapy Energy therapy is divided into two groups:
Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies
Use energy fields that come from an external force
Use pulse fields, magnets, and alternating or direct electrical current devices
Biofield therapies
Come from the body (biofields)
Involve pressure and manipulation of the body
Include Qi gong, Reiki, and therapeutic touch
External sources of therapy include pulsed fields, magnets, and alternating or direct electrical current devices.

23. Reiki
Reiki is based on the idea that there is a universal source of energy that allows the body to heal.
Can be received from someone else or as a form of self-care
Education
Three degrees (or levels) of training
Training and certification is not regulated
Reiki originated in Japan.

24. Performance Instruction
Biofeedback techniques are designed to change
Blood pressure
Muscle tension
Heart rate
Other body functions that are not normally under voluntary control

25. Performance Instruction
Biofeedback techniques
Electromyography to measure muscle tension
Galvanic skin response (GR) to monitor sweat production
Skin temperature sensors
Electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity
Stress dots
Measures the change in temperature of skin
Made of liquid crystal
When using stress dots, the temperature of the hand becomes warmer, indicating a more relaxed state.

26. Relaxation Response

27. Biodot Color Chart
FIGURE 27-4 The Biodot color chart shows how temperature corresponds with relaxation.

28. Summary
Many complementary and alternative care providers have education, credentials, and characteristics of other health professions.
Chiropractors manipulate the spine.
Naturopathic physicians are doctors who focus on treatment of the whole patient.

29. Summary
Allopathic health care is treatment designed to produce effects that are different from a disease.
Holistic health care is treatment of the whole person.
Homeopathic health care uses treatments designed to produce effects similar to those caused by a disease.

30. Summary The five domains of complementary and alternative health care
Alternative medical systems
Mind-body intervention
Biologically based therapy
Manipulative and body-based methods
Energy therapies

31. Review
Therapies based on wellness and natural treatment are all of the following except:
a. Alternative medicine
b. Holistic medicine
c. Complementary medicine
d. Allopathic medicine
e. Megavitamin therapy

32. Review
Therapies based on wellness and natural treatment are all of the following except:
a. Alternative medicine
b. Holistic medicine
c. Complementary medicine
d. Allopathic medicine
e. Megavitamin therapy

33. Review The term chiropractic medicine pertains to:
a. The adjustment of the spine by hand
b. Treatment with water
c. The nerves and muscles
d. Treatment with a similar disease
e. Treatment with odors

34. Review The term chiropractic medicine pertains to:
a. The adjustment of the spine by hand
b. Treatment with water
c. The nerves and muscles
d. Treatment with a similar disease
e. Treatment with odors