1. Musculoskeletal System
Ch 15
Musculoskeletal System

2. Specialists
Orthopedists
Rheumatologists
Chiropractors

3. Bony Development Ossification Osteoblasts – immature osteocytes
Osteoclasts – bone phagocytes

4. Long bones
Diaphysis: shaft
Periosteum
Compact bone
Medullary cavity

5. Long bones Epiphysis: end Metaphysis: flared portion Epiphyseal line
Articular cartilage
Cancellous bone
Metaphysis: flared portion

6. Bony processes Bone head Trochanter – proximal femur
Tubercle – proximal humerus
Condyle – distal femur and humerus

7. Cranial bones
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

8. Facial Bones Nasal Lacrimal: lacrim/o=tear Maxillary: cleft palate
Mandibular: TMJ
Zygomatic: cheeks
Vomer

9. Vertebral column
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

10. Kyphosis: kyph/o=humpback
See page 601, figure 15-17

11. DEXA Scan

12. Kyphoplasty

13. Lordosis: lord/o=swayback

14. Scoliosis: scoli/o=crooked, bent

15. Scoliosis surgery

16. Vertebral Body Spinous process Transverse process Lamina
PAGE HNP:
Laminectomy: surgical removal of a portion of the vertebral arch
Diskectomy: removal of all or part of protruding disk.
Spinous process
Transverse process
Lamina

17. Bones of thorax Clavicle, scapula, sternum, ribs
Supraclavicular, subscapular, substernal, intercostal

18. Bones of Pelvis Ilium, ischium, pubis Ilium VS ileum
Acetabulum: hip socket

19. Bones of Upper Extremity
Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Phalangectomy: removal of finger (or toe)

20. CTS

21. Ganglion Cyst

22. Bones of Lower Extremity
Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Tarsals are bones of hindfoot, calcaneus is largest one

23. Bunions: First metatarsophalangeal joint

24. Gouty arthritis: hyperuricemia

25. Fractures Closed vs open Colles Comminuted Compression Greenstick
Impacted
Reduction can be open or closed

26. ORIF

27. Osteogenic Sarcoma

28. Bone scan

29. Osteomalacia
X-ray after debridement for osteomyelitis

30. Joints
Suture vs synovial

31. Articulation Articular cartilage = ends of long bones at joints
Synovial membrane
Synovial cavity
Synovial fluid = provide lubrication to minimize friction
Syn- = like, ov/o = egg

32. Ligaments = bones to bones
Tendons = muscle to bone. Very taut.
Achilles tendon tear, may need tenorrhaphy

33. Bursae=sacs of fluid at joints
Olecranon bursitis – at elbow

34. Arthritis - OA

35. Ankylosing Spondylitis

36. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

37. Muscles Striated, voluntary: rhabdomy/o Smooth, involuntary: leiomy/o
Cardiac: myocardi/o
Actions of muscles
Origin = point of attachment to stationary bone
Insertion = junction of muscle to the bone that moves

38. Actions of Muscles - ROM
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Rotation

39. Actions of Muscles
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
supination, pronation

40. Arthrocentesis, arthrography

41. Arthroplasty (THR, TKR) & Arthroscopy

42. Abbreviations
CTS
DEXA
HNP OA
ORIF RA
ROM
THR
TKR
TMJ