1. World War II

2. Allied Strategy in Europe
America and her allies (Britain and Soviet Union) followed a “Defeat Hitler First” strategy.
Most American resources were targeted for Europe.

3. Allied Strategy in Asia
The Allies in Asia used an “island hopping” strategy.
“Island hopping” refers to seizing islands closer and closer to Japan and using them as bases for air attacks on Japan, and for cutting off Japanese supplies through submarine warfare against Japanese shipping.

4. Axis Strategies (Germany)
Germany wanted to defeat the Soviet Union first.
Then Germany could force Britain out of the war through a bombing campaign and submarine warfare before America’s industrial and military strength could turn the tide.

5. Axis Strategies (Japan)
Following Pearl Harbor, Japan invaded the Philippines and Indonesia and planned to invade both Australia and Hawaii. Japan wanted to control almost all of Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
Her leaders hoped that America would then accept Japanese predominance in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, rather than conduct a bloody and costly war to reverse Japanese gains.

6. Strategies Discussion
Which strategy was successful and which was a failure?
How could these strategies have been improved?

7. El Alamein, 1942 In Egypt, Germans defeated by the British.
This defeat prevented Hitler from gaining access to Middle Eastern oil supplies and attacking the Soviet Union from the south.

8. Stalingrad, 1942-1943 Soviet Union defeats Germany.
This defeat prevented Germany from seizing the Soviet oil fields and turned the tide against Germany in the east.

9. Normandy landings (D-Day), 1944
American and Allied troops under Dwight D. Eisenhower landed in German-occupied France on June 6, 1944.
Despite intense German opposition and heavy American casualties, the landings succeeded, and the freeing of western Europe from Hitler began.

10. Midway, 1942
In the Battle of Midway, American naval forces defeated a much larger Japanese force as it prepared to seize Midway Island. Coming only a few months after Pearl Harbor, a Japanese victory at Midway would have enabled Japan to invade Hawaii. The American victory began the “island hopping” campaign.
Midway was the turning point of the war in the Pacific.
What other turning point battles do we know?

11. Iwo Jima and Okinawa
The American invasions of the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa brought American forces closer than ever to Japan, but both invasions cost thousands of American lives and even more Japanese lives, as Japanese soldiers fought fiercely over every square inch of the islands and Japanese soldiers and civilians committed suicide rather than surrender.
How does this photo embody the American spirit?

12. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Facing the prospect of horrendous American and Japanese casualties if American forces were to invade Japan itself, President Harry Truman ordered the use of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force the Japanese to surrender.
Tens of thousands of people were killed in both cities. Shortly after the bombs were used, the Japanese leaders surrendered, avoiding the need for American forces to invade Japan.
Why did we view the atomic bomb as our only option?

13. Journal Review 11-3 1. What event caused World War II?
2. What was the Allied Strategy in Europe? Against Japan?
3. What was Nazi Germany’s strategy? What was Japan’s strategy?
4. In 10 words or less, describe the battles of
El Alamein
Stalingrad
D-Day
Midway
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
5. Where’d we drop the atomic bombs, and who ordered them to be dropped?

14. Holocaust Journal Describe the conditions shown in the video.
Who’s responsible for the Holocaust? Is it only Hitler or the others who executed it?
Why didn’t Jews just leave?
Pretend you were someone targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust. Write at least a 4-sentence scenario describing what your life would be like.

15. Holocaust Terms
Genocide: systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group.
Using your phones, what are some other examples of genocides in history?
Armenian genocide
Cambodian genocide
Rwandan genocide
Darfur genocide in Sudan
Hitler’s final solution: Germany’s decision to exterminate all Jews

16. Groups Affected by the Holocaust
Jews
Poles (people of Poland)
Slavs (people of the Balkans)
Gypsies (ethnic group from northern India)
What Nazis called “undesirables” (homosexuals, the mentally ill, political dissidents)
Why these people?

17. Punishment of the Nazis
In the Nuremberg trials, Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes.
The Nuremberg trials emphasized individual responsibility for actions during a war, regardless of orders received.
The trials led to increased demand for a Jewish homeland.

18. African-Americans in World War II
African Americans generally served in segregated military units and were assigned to noncombat roles but demanded the right to serve in combat rather than support roles.
Tuskegee Airmen: African Americans who served in Europe with distinction.

19. Japanese Americans
Nisei regiments: Asian Americans who fought for America and earned a high number of decorations during World War II.
Internment of Japanese Americans: forced relocation and incarceration in camps of Japanese Americans.
Reasons for internment:
Strong anti-Japanese prejudice on the West Coast
False belief that Japanese Americans were aiding the enemy
The Supreme Court upheld the government’s right to intern Japanese Americans on the West Coast and later apologized.

20. Japanese Internment

21. Navajo and Mexican Americans
To communicate in the Pacific, the Allies used native-American Navajo code talkers, who used an oral, not written language that was impossible for the Japanese to figure out.
Mexican Americans also fought but in non-segregated units.
Minority units like these suffered high casualties and won numerous unit citations and individual medals for bravery in action.

22. Geneva Convention
The Geneva Convention attempted to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners of war by establishing rules to be followed by all nations.
The treatment of prisoners of war in the Pacific Theater often reflected the savagery of the fighting there.

23. Treatment of Prisoners in World War II
In the Bataan Death March, American prisoners of war (POWs) suffered brutal treatment by the Japanese after surrender of the Philippines.
Japanese soldiers often committed suicide rather than surrender.
The treatment of prisoners of war in Europe more closely followed the ideas of the Geneva Convention.

24. Journal Review 11-4 What were the Nuremberg trials? Identify:
Tuskegee Airmen
Nisei Regiment
Internment camps
Navajo code talkers
Geneva Convention
Bataan Death March