1. Measuring Our World Exercise 1
Introduce yourself.
Mention the not working for the first 3 weeks of class.
Tell them that this will be frustrating but that’s OK.

2. Informational material
Link to exercise can be found on the syllabus page
Tutorials for Google Earth PRO and Acme Mapper can be found on the syllabus page
Answers are to be submitted in D2L
Assessments  Quizzes  Exercise 1
Exercise will take 3-6 hours
NEED:
Ruler with metric and standard units
Calculator
Printer
Go to the course syllabus and show them where the exercise is located
Show them the tutorials on the right-hand side
Go to D2L and show them where to submit the answers-they get unlimited time

3. Visualizing “Topography”
Topography- a mapping scheme that allows for a more detailed representation of landscape
Visualize relief (changes in elevation across a landscape)
Utilizes contour lines

4. Contours How do we visualize relief? Contour lines Interpolation
Lines of the same elevation
Interpolation
Connecting known elevations
Tip-contour lines that are close together indicate greater relief and steeper slopes
Interpolation
Remember that relief is the change in elevation across a landscape
There will be a question on the exercise that asks what closely-spaced contour lines tell you.

5. Mt. Hood, Oregon
The photo on the left depicts a profile view of Mt. Hood
The map on the right gives a birds-eye view looking down on Mt. Hood
The contour lines on the map allow for the visualization of a three dimensional object on a two-dimensional map

6. Contour lines Different type of contours
Index
Intermediate
Supplementary
Depression
What type of line is being pointed at by the red arrow?
There are four major types of contour lines.
-Index contour lines will always be in bold and are usually labeled but not always!
-Intermediate lines
-Supplementary
-Depression contours indicate low-lying areas and have small ticks pointing inward

7. Topographic Map Scale Unitless number- independent of map size Scale
Fractional Scale
Scale
Fractional Scale (Representative Fraction)
Ex) 1:24,000, 1:62,500, 1:125,000
Unitless number- independent of map size
Scale bar
Associated with units (miles, km, ft., etc.)
Dependent on map size
Effective for quick visualization of distance
Which scale is larger?
Map scales can be represented as fractional scales or scale bars
You will only encounter questions related to fractional scales in the exercise
The top scale is larger because 1 divided by 24,000 is a larger fraction than one divided by 125,000
Scale Bar

8. Measuring on a Topographic Map
Using Ruler
Remembering Fractional Scale
Multiply
Need to Convert?
Ex) Campground  Minnemishinona Falls
Map = 1:24,000 Fractional Scale
Measured 1.95 inches with ruler
1.95 in x 24,000 = 46,800 in
Need to convert to feet?
46,800 in / 12 in = 3,900 feet
There will be a question that asks you to print off a map and use the fractional scale of 1:24,000. Because you are using the fractional scale it doesn’t matter how the map is printed out.
One inch on the map equals 24,000 inches in real life. So if the distance between the campground is 1.95 inches then the distance in real life is 1.95 inches multiplied by 24, 000.

9. Determining Slope Often want to know slope as a percentage
Slope is equal to the change in elevation divided by the change in horizontal distance (multiplied by 100 to get a percentage)
Referred to as Rise / Run
Ex) Starting elevation:1,000ft. Ending Elevation: 1,200ft
Distance Traveled: 10,000 feet = RUN
1,200 feet – 1,000 feet = 200 feet (RISE)
10,000 feet (RUN)
200 feet / 10,000 feet = 0.02 (UNITS CANCEL OUT)
0.02 x 100 = 2% (THIS IS OUR SLOPE)

10. Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
Another way to represent elevation data
Assigns elevation values to pixels within an image
Grid placed over area of interest with known elevation
Elevation data produced at equal spacing
Known as sampling interval
Sample interval is also known as the resolution
Ex) A 30 meter DEM is sampled every 30 meters
Result is continuous surface reflecting the surface topography
Imagine each pixel in this grid represents 30 square meters. Therefore that 30 sq. meter area would represent a single elevation. Now imagine that each pixel in the grid represents 1 square meter so that every square meter represents a single elevation.

11. 30 meter DEM
1 meter DEM

12. Google Earth Pro walkthrough to making a slope profile
Go to google earth pro and do a slope profile form Ellis Ave to Stoltzman and from the summit of Mt. Hood to its base.

13. Volcanoes and Diastrophism (faulting)
In Exercise 1 you will encounter questions related to volcanic landforms as and faults
Will be tasked with interpreting what type they are based on physical characteristics

14. Volcanic Landforms and Activity
Types of Volcanoes
Composite (Strato)
Conical Shape
Steep Slopes
Formed by Alternating Layers of Lava and Pyroclastic Flow (mafic and felsic)
High Viscosity Flow
Ex. Mt. Hood
Shield
Cinder Cone
Hotspots
Ex) Yellowstone, Hawaiian Islands

15. Volcanic Landforms and Activity
Types of Volcanoes
Composite (Strato)
Shield
Shape Like a Warrior’s Shield
Low Slopes
Periodic Lava Flows
Low Viscosity Flow (mafic)
Cinder Cone
Hotspots
Ex) Yellowstone, Hawaiian Islands

16. Volcanic Landforms and Activity
Types of Volcanoes
Composite (Strato)
Shield
Cinder Cone
Small Conical Hill Shape
Made of accumulating Pyroclastic Material and Scoria
Erupts from Single Base and Settles Near Vent
Can Form Rapidly
Hotspots
Ex) Yellowstone, Hawaiian Islands

17. Volcanic Landforms and Activity
Types of Volcanoes
Composite (Strato)
Shield
Cinder Cone
Hotspots
Plume of Magma Rising Through Upper Mantle
Can result in island arcs and geothermal activity
Ex) Yellowstone, Hawaiian Islands

18. Hawaii as a hotspot
Direction of crust movement
Hot spot remains stationary but the crust moves westward
Forms from oceanic crust which produces mafic lava (low viscosity)
Just because Hawaii is a hotspot doesn’t mean that it can’t have composite, shield, or cinder cone volcanoes.

19. Faulting and Tectonic Activity
Types of Faulting
Extensional Faulting
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Upwelling magma forces crust apart
Normal Faults – Hanging wall is downthrown, footwall is upthrown
Horsts and Grabens
Basin and Range territory
Strike-Slip Faulting
Compressional Faulting

20. Faulting and Tectonic Activity
Types of Faulting
Extensional Faulting
Strike-Slip Faulting
Transform Boundaries
2 Main Types:
Right-Lateral
Left-Lateral
Can lead to offset drainages
Compressional Faulting

21. Faulting and Tectonic Activity
Types of Faulting
Extensional Faulting
Strike-Slip Faulting
Compressional Faulting
Converging Plate Boundaries
Thrust and Reverse Faulting- Hanging wall is upthrown, footwall is downthrown
Thrust fault is usually more shallow and has more horizontal displacement

22. Acme Mapper Topographic map webpage Map scale changes as you zoom
Can pinpoint latitude/longitude points on the map and place markers
Tutorial can be found on the syllabus page under Acme Mapper Tutorial
You can copy and past coordinates from the exercise into the search box of acme mapper

23. Google Earth Pro Make sure to download
GOOGLE EARTH PRO - NOT GOOGLE EARTH
Mapping software that allows us to:
Measure distances and areas
Place precise points
Calculate slope
See current and historic satellite imagery
Tutorial can be found on the syllabus page under Google Earth Pro Tutorial
You will have to download google earth pro, be sure that it is not just google earth

24. Due October 3RD by 11:59 Pm
Submit answers on D2l