1. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems

2. Fetal development SRY gene is present No SRY gene
7th week of development male sex organs begin to develop
No SRY gene
8th week, female sex organs begin development

3. Male Reproductive Anatomy

4. Male Reproductive Anatomy
scrotum and testes
sperm production
mature in epididymis
penis
delivers sperm
contains erectile tissue
Corpus cavernosus
Copus spongiosum

5. Male Reproductive Anatomy
ducts
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
accessory glands and semen
seminal glands
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

6. Male Reproductive Physiology
sperm formation
spermatogenesis
begins at puberty,
sexual response
Erection-erectile tissue filled with blood
Ejaculation- propulsion of semen

7. Sperm Cell

8. Female Reproductive System Anatomy

9. Female Reproductive System Anatomy
ovaries
oocyte
egg cell
ovulation
release of egg from ovary

10. Female Reproductive System Anatomy
ducts
uterine tubes
connect ovary to uterus
uterus–womb
Endometrium
lining of the uterus
Cervix
Opening to uterus from vagina
Mucus plus
No plug? Sew it up!

11. Female Reproductive System Anatomy
vagina
birth canal
external genitalia
labia
clitoris
mammary glands
lactation

12. Oogenesis Oocyte (immature egg) production process begins before birth
primary oocyte=slightly larger than primordial follicle
secondary oocyte- larger, more cells surround egg
Each month, one follicle (& oocyte) reaches maturity
Oocyte released from ovary (ovulation)

13. The Female Sexual Cycle
The Menstrual cycle
ovarian cycle
maturation and release of oocyte
uterine cycle
uterus preps for implantation

14. The Menstrual Cycle Menstruation Days 1-5 Follicular stage
endometrium breaks down and sheds
Follicular stage
End. Day 6  ovulation
pituitary gland releases FSH
and LH

15. The Uterine Cycle Ovulation = around day 14 Luteal phase
Release of egg to be fertilized
Luteal phase
corpus luteum
Secretes
progesterone
Disintegrates after
10 days (if no baby)
Estrogen and progesterone levels drop

16. Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth
fertilization of oocyte
pregnancy
childbirth
lactation

17. Fertilization of the Oocyte
journey of sperm
vagina, uterus, uterine tube
capacitation can take 10 hours
sperm penetration
zona pellucida-glycoprotein layer around egg
acrosomal enzymes – part of sperm that fuses with egg

18. Fertilization of the Oocyte
only 1 sperm is required for fertilization
more than 1 = death of oocyte
chemistry of zona pellucida changes after sperm entry
Sperm entry completes fertilization
Nejron Photo/Shutterstock.com

19. From Fertilization to Implantation
cell stages
zygote
morula
blastocyst
implantation
- blastocyst binds to
endometrium

20. From Fertilization to Implantation

21. Pregnancy Full term lasts approximately 265 days (38 weeks)
Three TRI-mesters
Braxton Hicks contractions – as early as 6 weeks
development of placenta, embryo, and fetus
Protected by amnion & amniotic fluid

22. Effects of Pregnancy – Anatomical

23. Effects of Pregnancy- Hormonal changes

24. Effects of Pregnancy – Physiological
Morning sickness
Heartburn
Constipation
Increased urine output
Frequency
Urgency
Stress incontinence
Increased blood volume
Edema
Hypertension
Increased cardiac output
Increased respiratory rate
Braxton Hicks contractions

25. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

26. Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus
supplies nutrients to embryo and fetus
Embryo
Implantation-8 weeks
Fetus
8+ weeks of development
Mucus plug

28. Childbirth parturition oxytocin stages of labor birth dilation
expulsion
delivery of placenta

30. Lactation production of breast milk
Activation of milk-producing cells
Prolactin
delivery of milk through ducts to nipple
Oxytocin
Provides antibodies, vitamins/minerals, lipids
Baby benefits: Lowers risk of childhood asthma, allergies, ear infections, diarrhea
Mom benefits: lowers risk of osteoporosis, & cancer, lose baby weight, costs less $

31. Got milk?
Resembles Colostrum

32. Infertility male infertility female infertility low sperm count
erectile dysfunction
female infertility
failure to ovulate
inability of egg to reach uterine tube
lack of implantation

33. Infertility treatment for infertility in vitro fertilization
lifestyle changes
drugs to induce ovulation
surgery to correct anatomical issues
in vitro fertilization
oocyte and sperm combined outside mother’s body

34. Cancers of the Reproductive System
prostate cancer
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
cancers of the female reproductive tract
uterine cancer
ovarian cancer
cervical cancer
breast cancer