1. FIS 519 Fisheries Extension Education
Lecture 1
Year II
Trimester II

2. Extension Education Definitions
Extension Education is an integral behavioral science which contributes towards the understanding and formulation of methods and procedures for bringing planned change in human behavior.
Extension education is education for the betterment of people and for changing their behavior i.e. knowledge, skill and attitude.

3. Extension education has come a long way since its early rudimentary beginning in U.K and USA.
Extension Education points out the common fundamental principles, philosophy and procedures which are applied in different technological or problem areas.

4. According to Rollings (1986) ‘Extension’ refers to actual work done by professional extension agents at various levels of management while ‘Extension Education’ refers to the body of knowledge concerning that work of practice.

5. Saville (1965) stated ‘ The aim of all extension work is to teach people living in rural areas how to raise their standards of living, by their own efforts, using their own resources of man power and materials, with minimum assistance from the government.’

6. Extension Education
Extension education is voluntary in nature. It begins with existing level of people and aims to lead them to socio economic development through cooperation and active participation. The concept of extension has combined the concern of overall development of men with methodology and efficiency of a systemically organized education programme. It is also known as a form of adult education. Extension education is largely non formal in nature.

7. It is a problem orientated education for action and not for the sake of learning alone. It inspire involvement of farmers in educational programmes. Farmers have different background as far as education, economic status or interests are concerned. Extension education must consider differential requirements of target population.

8. Extension has been accepted as a type of adult education enterprise with emphasis on technological changes. Thus, it becomes essential to arouse interest of farmers, provide them with new technological knowledge and skills.

9. What is HRD?
In the words of Prof. T.V. Rao, "HRD is a process by which the employees of an organization are helped in a continuous and planned way to
(i) acquire or sharpen capabilities required to perform various functions associated with their present or expected future roles;
(ii) develop their journal capabilities as individual and discover and exploit their own inner potential for their own and /or organizational development purposes;
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10. (iii) develop an organisational culture in which superior-subordinate relationship, team work and collaboration among sub-units are strong and contribute to the professional well being, motivation and pride of employees."
Reference:

11. Roles of Extension Education in Human Resource Development
1. To provide the farmers the knowledge and help that will enable him to farm more efficiently and to increase his income. 2. To help in planning and implementing the family and village plans for increasing production in various occupations. 3. To provide facilities for better family living. 4. To encourage the farmer to grow his own food. Eat well and living well.

12. 5. To promote better social, natural, recreational, intellectual and spiritual life among the people.
6. To open up new opportunities for rural people so that they may develop all their talent and leadership.
7. To help the member of the farm family to a larger appreciation of the opportunities the beauty and the privilege of the rural life and to know more about the world in which they live.

13. 8. To build rural citizens who are proud of their occupation, independent in their thinking, constructive in their outlook, capable efficient and self reliant in character and have a love of home and country in their heart.
9. To develop feeling of patriotism and love for society by developing civil civic sense among rural people.
10. To train rural people youth for development works.

14. Roles of Extension Agents
An agent must consider each situation individually and adopt a position or role suitable to that situation. Indeed, there is a wide variety of views on the extension agent's role in bringing about change among farmers. To illustrate this range of views, a number of different statements on the agent's role, taken from extension practice from different parts of the world, can be examined.

15. An extension agent tries to arouse people to recognize and take an interest in their problems, to overcome these problems, to teach them how to do so, to persuade them to act on his teaching, so that they ultimately achieve a sense of satisfaction and pride in their achievements.

16. A change agent is a person whose primary role is to achieve a transformation of attitudes, behaviour and social organization.
Change agents are multi-purpose agents serving as links between government and people.
- A change agent is a person who sets in motion a process of change after realizing that certain changes are necessary for the rural society.

17. A change agent is an activist whose main role is to help people form their own organizations in order to be able to tackle their problems.
A change agent is a professional who influences the innovation/decision-making process in a direction deemed desirable by the change agency.