1. Simple Scalar 설치 및 사용법
일반대학원 전산학과
강서일 ( )
손재락 ( )

2. 구현 환경 CPU : P-Ⅲ 866Mhz Memory : 256㎆ OS : Red Hat Linux 7.3
$DIR : /edu

3. 설치 내용 시뮬레이터 : simplesim-3v0d GNU utilities : gnu binutils-2.5.2
C 컴파일러 : gcc-2.6.3

4. 예제프로그램 fibo.c #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h>
void fib2(int n);
void input();
void main() {
clock_t a,b;
a = clock();
input();
b = clock();
printf("수행시간 = %f \n",(double)(b-a)/CLK_TCK); }

5. 예제프로그램 void input() { int n; printf("몇번째 피보나찌 수열을 구하시겠습니까? : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n<0)
printf("ERROR : 0보다 큰정수를 입력해주세요...");
printf("\n몇번째 피보나찌 수열을 구하시겠습니까? : "); }
fib2(n);

6. 예제프로그램 void fib2(int n) { long f[1000]; f[0] = 0; if(n > 0)
for(int i = 2; i<=n; i++)
f[i] = f[i-1] + f[i-2]; }
printf("%d\n",f[n]);

7. 컴파일 예 sslittle-na-sstrix-gcc –o fibo.ss fibo.c
sslittle-na-sstrix-gcc –S fibo.c
cat fibo.s
.file 1 "fibo.c"
# GNU C [AL 1.1, MM 40, tma 0.1] SimpleScalar running sstrix compiled by GNU C
# Cc1 defaults:
# -mgas -mgpOPT
# Cc1 arguments (-G value = 8, Cpu = default, ISA = 1):
# -quiet -dumpbase -o

8. 컴파일 예 gcc2_compiled.: __gnu_compiled_c: .rdata .align 2 $LC0:
.ascii "\274\366\307\340\275\303\260\243 = %f \n\000"
.sdata
.align 3
$LC1:
.word 0x # 60
.word 0x404e0000
.text
.globl main
.end fib2

9. 컴파일 예
$LC2:
.ascii "\270\356\271\370\302\260 \307\307\272\270\263\252\302\356"
.ascii " \274\366\277\255\300\273 \261\270\307\317\275\303\260\332"
.ascii "\275\300\264\317\261\356? : \000"
.sdata
.align 2
$LC3:
.ascii "%d\000"
.rdata
$LC4:
.ascii "ERROR : 0\272\270\264\331 \305\253\301\244\274\366\270\246"
.ascii " \300\324\267\302\307\330\301\326\274\274\277\344...\000"
$LC5:
.ascii "\n\270\356\271\370\302\260 \307\307\272\270\263\252\302\356"

10. 컴파일 예 .text .align 2 .globl input .sdata $LC6: .ascii "%d\n\000"
.globl fib2
.comm i,4
.loc 1 10
.ent main

11. 컴파일 예 main: .frame $fp,32,$31 # vars= 8, regs= 2/0, args= 16, extra= 0
.mask 0xc ,-4
.fmask 0x ,0
subu $sp,$sp,32
sw $31,28($sp)
sw $fp,24($sp)
move $fp,$sp
jal __main
jal clock
sw $2,16($fp)
jal input
sw $2,20($fp)
lw $2,20($fp)
lw $3,16($fp)
subu $2,$2,$3
mtc1 $2,$f0
#nop

12. 컴파일 예 cvt.d.w $f0,$f0 l.d $f2,$LC1 div.d $f0,$f0,$f2 la $4,$LC0
dmfc1 $6,$f0
jal printf
$L1:
move $sp,$fp # sp not trusted here
lw $31,28($sp)
lw $fp,24($sp)
addu $sp,$sp,32
j $31
.end main
.loc 1 20
.ent input
input:
.frame $fp,32,$31 # vars= 8, regs= 2/0, args= 16, extra= 0

13. 컴파일 예 .mask 0xc0000000,-4 .fmask 0x00000000,0 subu $sp,$sp,32
sw $31,28($sp)
sw $fp,24($sp)
move $fp,$sp
la $4,$LC2
jal printf
la $4,$LC3
addu $5,$fp,16
jal scanf
lw $2,16($fp)
bgez $2,$L3
la $4,$LC4
la $4,$LC5

14. 컴파일 예 $L3: lw $4,16($fp) jal fib2 $L2:
move $sp,$fp # sp not trusted here
lw $31,28($sp)
lw $fp,24($sp)
addu $sp,$sp,32
j $31
.end input
.loc 1 34
.ent fib2
fib2:
.frame $fp,4024,$31 # vars= 4000, regs= 2/0, args= 16, extra= 0
.mask 0xc ,-4
.fmask 0x ,0
subu $sp,$sp,4024

15. 컴파일 예 sw $31,4020($sp) sw $fp,4016($sp) move $fp,$sp sw $4,4024($fp)
lw $2,4024($fp)
blez $2,$L5
li $2,0x # 1
sw $2,20($fp)
li $2,0x # 2
sw $2,i
$L6:
lw $2,i
lw $3,4024($fp)
slt $2,$3,$2
beq $2,$0,$L9
j $L7
$L9:

16. 컴파일 예 move $3,$2 sll $2,$3,2 addu $4,$fp,16 addu $3,$2,$4 move $2,$3
lw $3,i
move $4,$3
sll $3,$4,2
addu $3,$3,$4
subu $4,$3,4
move $3,$4
lw $4,i
move $5,$4
sll $4,$5,2
addu $5,$fp,16
addu $4,$4,$5
subu $5,$4,8
move $4,$5

17. 컴파일 예 lw $3,0($3) lw $4,0($4) addu $3,$3,$4 sw $3,0($2) $L8: lw $3,i
move $3,$2
sw $3,i
j $L6
$L7:
$L5:
lw $2,4024($fp)
sll $2,$3,2
addu $3,$fp,16
addu $2,$2,$3
la $4,$LC6

18. 컴파일 예 lw $5,0($3) jal printf $L4: move $sp,$fp # sp not trusted here
lw $31,4020($sp)
lw $fp,4016($sp)
addu $sp,$sp,4024
j $31
.end fib2

19. sim-safe 수행 예 /edu/simplesim-3.0/sim-safe fibo.ss > fibo2.txt
sim-safe: SimpleScalar/PISA Tool Set version 3.0 of August, 2003.
Copyright (c) by Todd M. Austin, Ph.D. and SimpleScalar, LLC.
All Rights Reserved. This version of SimpleScalar is licensed for academic
non-commercial use. No portion of this work may be used by any commercial
entity, or for any commercial purpose, without the prior written permission
of SimpleScalar, LLC
sim: command line: ./sim-safe ../bin/fibo.ss
sim: simulation Mon Apr 26 22:45: , options follow:
sim-safe: This simulator implements a functional simulator. This
functional simulator is the simplest, most user-friendly simulator in the
simplescalar tool set. Unlike sim-fast, this functional simulator checks
for all instruction errors, and the implementation is crafted for clarity
rather than speed.

20. sim-safe 수행 예 # -config # load configuration from a file
# -dumpconfig # dump configuration to a file
# -h false # print help message
# -v false # verbose operation
# -d false # enable debug message
# -i false # start in Dlite debugger
-seed # random number generator seed (0 for timer seed)
# -q false # initialize and terminate immediately
# -chkpt <null> # restore EIO trace execution from <fname>
# -redir:sim <null> # redirect simulator output to file (non-interactive only)
# -redir:prog <null> # redirect simulated program output to file
-nice # simulator scheduling priority
-max:inst # maximum number of inst's to execute
sim: ** starting functional simulation **
몇번째 피보나찌 수열을 구하시겠습니까? : 55
수행시간 =

21. sim-safe 수행 예 sim: ** simulation statistics **
sim_num_insn # total number of instructions executed
sim_num_refs # total number of loads and stores executed
sim_elapsed_time # total simulation time in seconds
sim_inst_rate # simulation speed (in insts/sec)
ld_text_base x # program text (code) segment base
ld_text_size # program text (code) size in bytes
ld_data_base x # program initialized data segment base
ld_data_size # program init'ed `.data' and uninit'ed `.bss' size in bytes
ld_stack_base x7fffc000 # program stack segment base (highest address in stack)
ld_stack_size # program initial stack size
ld_prog_entry x # program entry point (initial PC)
ld_environ_base x7fff8000 # program environment base address address
ld_target_big_endian # target executable endian-ness, non-zero if big endian

22. sim-safe 수행 예 mem.page_count 35 # total number of pages allocated
mem.page_mem k # total size of memory pages allocated
mem.ptab_misses # total first level page table misses
mem.ptab_accesses # total page table accesses
mem.ptab_miss_rate # first level page table miss rate

23. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예
simplesim-3.0]$ ./sim-safe -i ../bin/fibo.ss
sim-safe: SimpleScalar/PISA Tool Set version 3.0 of August, 2003.
Copyright (c) by Todd M. Austin, Ph.D. and SimpleScalar, LLC.
All Rights Reserved. This version of SimpleScalar is licensed for academic
non-commercial use. No portion of this work may be used by any commercial
entity, or for any commercial purpose, without the prior written permission
of SimpleScalar, LLC
sim: command line: ./sim-safe -i ../bin/fibo.ss
sim: simulation Mon Apr 26 23:04: , options follow:
sim-safe: This simulator implements a functional simulator. This
functional simulator is the simplest, most user-friendly simulator in the
simplescalar tool set. Unlike sim-fast, this functional simulator checks
for all instruction errors, and the implementation is crafted for clarity
rather than speed.

24. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 # -config # load configuration from a file
# -dumpconfig # dump configuration to a file
# -h false # print help message
# -v false # verbose operation
# -d false # enable debug message
# -i true # start in Dlite debugger
-seed # random number generator seed (0 for timer seed)
# -q false # initialize and terminate immediately
# -chkpt <null> # restore EIO trace execution from <fname>
# -redir:sim <null> # redirect simulator output to file (non-interacti
ve only)
# -redir:prog <null> # redirect simulated program output to file
-nice # simulator scheduling priority
-max:inst # maximum number of inst's to execute
sim: ** starting functional simulation **
[ ] 0x : lw r16,0(r29)

25. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 DLite! > dis main 0x004001f0: addiu r29,r29,-32
0x004001f8: sw r31,28(r29)
0x : sw r30,24(r29)
0x : addu r30,r0,r29
0x : jal x400728
0x : jal x400950
0x : sw r2,16(r30)
0x : jal x4002c0
0x : jal x400950
0x : sw r2,20(r30)
0x : lw r2,20(r30)
0x : lw r3,16(r30)
0x : subu r2,r2,r3
0x : mtc r2,f0
0x : cvt.d.w f0,f0
0x : l.d f2,-32768(r28)

26. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 DLite! > dis fib2 0x004003a0: addiu r29,r29,-4024
0x004003a8: sw r31,4020(r29)
0x004003b0: sw r30,4016(r29)
0x004003b8: addu r30,r0,r29
0x004003c0: sw r4,4024(r30)
0x004003c8: sw r0,16(r30)
0x004003d0: lw r2,4024(r30)
0x004003d8: blez r2,0x400510
0x004003e0: addiu r2,r0,1
0x004003e8: sw r2,20(r30)
0x004003f0: addiu r2,r0,2
0x004003f8: sw r2,-31744(r28)
0x : lw r2,-31744(r28)
0x : lw r3,4024(r30)
0x : slt r2,r3,r2
0x : beq r2,r0,0x400428

27. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 DLite! > break 0x004^H^[[3~
Dlite: error: too many arguments
DLite! > break 0x
breakpoint #1 class: exec
DLite! > cont
몇번째 피보나찌 수열을 구하시겠습니까? : 10 55
Stopping at code breakpoint 0x
[ ] 0x : lw r2,20(r30)

28. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 DLite! > iregs PC: 0x00400238 NPC: 0x00400240
HI: 0x LO: 0x00020d00 FCC: 0x
$r0: /0x $r1: /0x a
$r2: /0x00000bb8 $r3: /0x
$r4: /0x $r5: /0x
$r6: /0x $r7: /0x
$r8: /0x $r9: /0x
$r10: /0x $r11: /0x
$r12: /0x $r13: /0x
$r14: /0x $r15: /0x7fff6f2f
$r16: /0x $r17: /0x7fff8004
$r18: /0x7fff800c $r19: /0x
$r20: /0x $r21: /0x
$r22: /0x $r23: /0x
$r24: /0x $r25: /0x
$r26: /0x $r27: /0x
$r28: /0x1000a040 $r29: /0x7fff7fc8
$r30: /0x7fff7fc8 $r31: /0x

29. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 DLite! > step [ 9373] 0x00400248: lw r3,16(r30)
[ ] 0x : subu r2,r2,r3
DLite! > iregs
PC: 0x NPC: 0x
HI: 0x LO: 0x00020d00 FCC: 0x
$r0: /0x $r1: /0x a
$r2: /0x00000bb8 $r3: /0x00000bb8
$r4: /0x $r5: /0x
$r6: /0x $r7: /0x
$r8: /0x $r9: /0x

30. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 $r10: 0/0x00000000 $r11: 1342177280/0x50000000
$r14: /0x $r15: /0x7fff6f2f
$r16: /0x $r17: /0x7fff8004
$r18: /0x7fff800c $r19: /0x
$r20: /0x $r21: /0x
$r22: /0x $r23: /0x
$r24: /0x $r25: /0x
$r26: /0x $r27: /0x
$r28: /0x1000a040 $r29: /0x7fff7fc8
$r30: /0x7fff7fc8 $r31: /0x
DLite! > dump $r
0x100021a0: f0 bf
0x100021b0: f0 3f
0x100021c0: f0 bf f8 ff [ ]
0x100021d0: 9c c e4 37 7e 59 f3 f8 c2 1f 6e a5 01 [.u..<.7~Y....n..]

31. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예 DLite! > cont 수행시간 = 0.000000
sim: ** simulation statistics **
sim_num_insn # total number of instructions executed
sim_num_refs # total number of loads and stores executed
sim_elapsed_time # total simulation time in seconds
sim_inst_rate # simulation speed (in insts/sec)
ld_text_base x # program text (code) segment base
ld_text_size # program text (code) size in bytes
ld_data_base x # program initialized data segment base
ld_data_size # program init'ed `.data' and uninit'ed `.bs
s' size in bytes
ld_stack_base x7fffc000 # program stack segment base (highest addres
s in stack)
ld_stack_size # program initial stack size
ld_prog_entry x # program entry point (initial PC)

32. Dlite! 디버거 사용 예
ld_environ_base x7fff8000 # program environment base address address
ld_target_big_endian # target executable endian-ness, non-zero if
big endian
mem.page_count # total number of pages allocated
mem.page_mem k # total size of memory pages allocated
mem.ptab_misses # total first level page table misses
mem.ptab_accesses # total page table accesses
mem.ptab_miss_rate # first level page table miss rate
simplesim-3.0]$